Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39828876›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Tolterodine is a novel candidate for assessing CYP3A4 activity through metabolic volatiles to predict drug responses.

Valentina Stock, Rebecca Hofer, Franziska Lochmann, Vera Spanke, Klaus R Liedl, Jakob Troppmair, Thierry Langer, Hubert Gstach, Christian Dank, Chris A Mayhew and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Valentina StockInstitute for Breath Research, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
Rebecca HoferInstitute for Breath Research, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
Franziska LochmannInstitute for Breath Research, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
Vera SpankeInstitute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
Klaus R LiedlInstitute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
Jakob TroppmairDaniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 66, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
Thierry LangerDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
Hubert GstachDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
Christian DankDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
Chris A MayhewInstitute for Breath Research, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
Sarah KammererInstitute for Breath Research, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
Veronika RuzsanyiInstitute for Breath Research, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria. Veronika.Ruzsanyi@uibk.ac.at.

Funding

Austrian Science Fund P35312-B
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 plays a major role in drug metabolism. Its activity could be determined by non-invasive and cost-effective assays, such as breath analysis, for the personalised monitoring of drug response. For the first time, we identify an isotopically unlabelled CYP3A4 substrate, tolterodine that leads to the formation of a non-toxic volatile metabolite, acetone, which could potentially be applied to monitor CYP3A4 activity in humans. In vitro biotransformation of tolterodine by HepG2 cells overexpressing CYP3A4, CYP2D6 or CYP2C9 was investigated by LC-MS analysis of cell culture supernatant for the non-volatile metabolite, N-dealkylated tolterodine, and PTR-ToF-MS analysis of the headspace for acetone. The highest level of the N-dealkylated metabolite was produced by HepG2-CYP3A4. Concentration dependent effects of tolterodine were analysed, resulting in TC

Indexed as

Cytochrome P-450 CYP3ATolterodine TartrateAcetoneBiotransformationCytochrome P-450 CYP2C9Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6Hep G2 CellsHumansKetoconazoleAcetoneCYP3A4 protein, humanCytochrome P-450 CYP2C9Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6Cytochrome P-450 CYP3AKetoconazoleTolterodine TartrateAcetoneBreath testCYP3A4HepG2TolterodineVolatile biomarkers

Identifiers

PMID39828876
PMCPMC11743777

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.