Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39827233›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Electro-driven direct lithium extraction from geothermal brines to generate battery-grade lithium hydroxide.

Lingchen Kong, Gangbin Yan, Kejia Hu, Yongchang Yu, Nicole Conte, Kevin R Mckenzie, Michael J Wagner, Stephen G Boyes, Hanning Chen, Chong Liu and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Adaptive MgAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Lingchen KongDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9257-1753
Gangbin YanPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4711-9063
Kejia HuDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA.
Yongchang YuDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA.
Nicole ConteDepartment of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA.
Kevin R MckenzieDepartment of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7483-3468
Michael J WagnerDepartment of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA.
Stephen G BoyesDepartment of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA.
Hanning ChenTexas Advanced Computing Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. hanning.chen@austin.utexas.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-8039
Chong LiuPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. chongliu@uchicago.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4851-7888
Xitong LiuDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA. xitongliu@gwu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5197-3422

Funding

George Washington University (GW) 175802U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) N/A
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

As Li-ion batteries are increasingly being deployed in electric vehicles and grid-level energy storage, the demand for Li is growing rapidly. Extracting lithium from alternative aqueous sources such as geothermal brines plays an important role in meeting this demand. Electrochemical intercalation emerges as a promising Li extraction technology due to its ability to offer high selectivity for Li and its avoidance of harsh chemical regenerants. In this work, we design an economically feasible electrochemical process that achieves selective lithium extraction from Salton Sea geothermal brine and purification of lithium chloride using intercalation materials, and conversion to battery grade (>99.5% purity) lithium hydroxide by bipolar membrane electrodialysis. We conduct techno-economic assessments using a parametric model and estimated the levelized cost of LiOH•H

Identifiers

PMID39827233
PMCPMC11743137

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.