Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39827222›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Knockdown-resistant mutations in head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) collected from schoolchildren in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Imtinan H Alghashmari, Noha T Zelai

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Prevalence and Susceptibility Status of Body Louse (Journal of arthropod-borne diseases · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Imtinan H AlghashmariDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Noha T ZelaiDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. nzelai@kau.edu.sa.ORCID 0000-0002-3353-9761

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Head lice infestation remains one of the most common child problems. This problem is not only attributed to the ability of head lice to spread rapidly but also because of the head lice resistance that develops from incomplete or improper treatment. Pyrethroids are a group of medications that have been widely used for the treatment of head lice. However, in recent years, several countries reported knockdown resistance (kdr). The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency of pyrethroid-resistant mutations in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. To do that, Sanger sequencing was employed to find the frequency of mutated alleles in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene (VSSC). The result showed that the frequency of the resistant alleles in T917I was 0.83. In addition, three new mutations (L920F, V966F, and F967L) were detected in the examined samples. These findings highlight the significant prevalence of pyrethroid-resistant mutations, which may be attributed to the cultural and tourism openness that leads to the abundance of numerous job opportunities for different workforces from all around the world.

Indexed as

Insecticide ResistanceLice InfestationsMutationPediculusAllelesAnimalsChildFemaleHumansInsecticidesMalePyrethrinsSaudi ArabiaInsecticidesPyrethrinsHead liceKnockdown resistance (kdr)PyrethroidRiyadhVoltage-sensitive sodium channel gene

Identifiers

PMID39827222
PMCPMC11743152

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.