Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39826001›Full record

SynthesisCurrent hypertension reports2025

Does Nocturnal Blood Pressure Matter in Retinal Small Vessels? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Literature.

Christina Antza, Smaro Palaska, Panagiota Anyfanti, Dimitris Triantis, Stavros Fyntrilakis, Yusuf ZiyaSener, Vasilios Kotsis

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Current hypertension reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Christina AntzaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Hypertension, Hypertension-24h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring center, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Smaro PalaskaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Hypertension, Hypertension-24h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring center, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Panagiota AnyfantiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Hypertension, Hypertension-24h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring center, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Dimitris TriantisDepartment of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Hypertension, Hypertension-24h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring center, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Stavros FyntrilakisDepartment of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Hypertension, Hypertension-24h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring center, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Yusuf ZiyaSenerThoraxcenter, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Vasilios KotsisDepartment of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Hypertension, Hypertension-24h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring center, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. vkotsis@auth.gr.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of the reviewΤhe association between nocturnal blood pressure (BP) and alterations in the retinal microvasculature remains understudied, with few available studies to provide conflicting results. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether an association exists between retinal microvascular alterations and nocturnal BP patterns, determined by 24h ambulatory BP measurement. RECENT

findingsOur search concluded to 1002 patients (6 studies). A total of 3 studies (411 patients) were enrolled in the meta-analysis. Central retinal arteriolar equivalent found to be not different between patients with and without dipping status (mean differences [MD]: -0.01; 95% CI: -0.23 to 0.20; I²=0%; P < 0.610). Regarding central retinal venular equivalent, dippers showed significantly lower values compared to non-dippers (MD: -0.25; 95% CI: -0.47 to -0.03; I²=0%; P < 0.024). For the comparison between nighttime and daytime BP regarding the damage in small retinal vessels, we identified only 5 studies. Due to different evaluated outcomes as well as due to the heterogeneity of outcomes and different grouping of patients based on different BP cut-off values, these results couldn't be analyzed quantitatively. In summary, this is the first effort to summarize evidence on the effects of day-to-night variation of BP on the retinal small vessels. According to the findings of the present systematic review and meta-analysis, non-dipping status may be associated with retinal venular dilatation, and elevated nighttime BP with retinal arteriolar narrowing. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the impact of nocturnal BP patterns in the retinal microvasculature.

Indexed as

Blood PressureCircadian RhythmHypertensionRetinal VesselsBlood Pressure Monitoring, AmbulatoryHumansDipping statusMeta-analysisNighttime hypertensionNocturnal hypertensionNon-dipping statusRetinal small vessels

Identifiers

PMID39826001
PMCPMC11742766

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.