Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39825456›Full record

Trial reportBMC psychology2025

Investigating the effectiveness of ailurophobia treatment using virtual reality technique compared to metacognitive therapy: a randomized clinical trial.

Alireza Ebrahimi, Farzad Akbarzadeh, Negar Asgharipour, Razie Salehabadi, Malihe Arjamandi

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialComparative Study
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Alireza EbrahimiPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Farzad AkbarzadehPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5976-123X
Negar AsgharipourPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7249-6074
Razie SalehabadiPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Malihe ArjamandiPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Slhrzh@gmail.com.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1317-7645

Funding

Mashhad University of Medical Sciences 981866
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFear of cats as a specific phobia disorder can cause disruption in some aspects of the affected people's lives. On the other hand, due to the fact that the two approaches of metacognitive treatment and behavioral therapy methods such as virtual reality are considered common treatment methods in anxiety disorders; It seems that it is necessary to examine the two approaches based on the effectiveness, durability and cost-benefit issue to present and introduce to therapists.

methodsThe present study was a Randomized Clinical Trial study that was conducted on 28 patients with Ailurophobia. Based on simple random sampling, the participants were allocated in two groups: metacognitive intervention and virtual reality intervention. In order to collect data, demographic information questionnaire, cat anxiety questionnaire and researcher-made cat fear questionnaire were used. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 22 software and statistical tests of chi-square, t, analysis of variance. An alpha level of less than 0.05 was considered as a significant level.

resultsThe results of the study showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the average anxiety score in the two groups of virtual reality and metacognitive therapy (P˂0.001). So that in the virtual reality group, the anxiety score was significantly reduced. Also, other results of the study indicated that the mean score of the fear of cats scale was significantly lower in the virtual reality group than in the metacognitive therapy group (P˂0.001).

conclusionsAlthough both treatment approaches based on virtual reality and metacognition are effective in reducing the level of anxiety and fear of cats in patients with Ailurophobia; However, the effectiveness and continuity of treatment in people receiving virtual reality treatment are more significant. IRCT REGISTRATION NUMBER: IRCT20230105057057N1. Registration date: 2023-03-04. REGISTRY: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials.

Indexed as

Cognitive Behavioral TherapyMetacognitionPhobic DisordersVirtual RealityVirtual Reality Exposure TherapyAdultAnimalsCatsFearFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedTreatment OutcomeYoung AdultAilurophobiaMetacognitionVirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID39825456
PMCPMC11742211

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.