ArticleBMC research notes2025
Relationship of modifiable risk factors with the incidence of thyroid cancer: a worldwide study.
Article in BMC research notes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- JAG1 expression in papillary thyroid cancer stem-like cells predicts poor prognosis and implicates angiogenesis.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Circulating sex steroids do not influence risk of thyroid malignancy: insights from a bidirectional Mendelian randomization.Gland surgery · 2026Article
- Lactylation in cancer: molecular mechanisms and advances in clinical study.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Development and Validation of a Predictive Model for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Thyroid Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Article
- Advances in immunotherapy for thyroid malignancies: from molecular targets to clinical outcomes.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Higher Body Mass Index Shows No Evidence of Association with Histopathologic Markers of Aggressiveness in Early-Stage Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Thyroid Cancer: Epidemiology, Classification, Risk Factors, Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers, and Current Treatment Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Analysis of secondhand smoke exposure and harm awareness among non-smoking individuals aged 15-44 years in Jilin Province: A cross-sectional study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Thyroid Cancer and Physical Activity: A Bibliometric Analysis.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThyroid cancer is one of the most common cancers of the endocrine system. The incidence of this cancer has increased in many countries. Many cases of thyroid cancer do not have any symptoms. This cancer has different risk factors. Some of them are unchangeable and some can be changed and modified. So, it is necessary to identify these risk factors. Therefore, this global study was conducted for the first time to investigate the correlation between the age-standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer (ASIR) and some modifiable risk factors worldwide.
methodsThe data of this global ecological research has been collected on the official website of health data ( https://www.healthdata.org/ ) for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation. Finally, statistical modeling was done using Generalized Additive Model (GAM). Statistical analyzes were performed using R version 4.2.2 software.
resultsASIR of thyroid cancer has a positive and significant correlation with tobacco, Secondhand smoke (SHS), mean BMI, and low physical activity. Multiple GAM showed that gender, alcohol consumption, smoking, SHS, mean BMI, and low physical activity have a statistically significant relationship with the ASIR of thyroid cancer (All Relative Risk > 1).
conclusionThis study showed that the risk of thyroid cancer is higher in women than men. Smoking, alcohol, obesity, and low physical activity may be risk factors for ASIR of thyroid cancer. Also, this study, for the first time globally, hypothesized an association between exposure to secondhand smoke and ASIR of thyroid cancer. To prevent and accurately control thyroid cancer, there is a need to increase awareness about the modifiable risk factors of this cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.