ReviewClinical oral investigations2025
Metabolic syndrome and its effect on immune cells in apical periodontitis- a narrative review.
Review in Clinical oral investigations, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Apical Periodontitis May Exacerbate Ulcerative Colitis via Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Mediated Systemic Inflammation and Intestinal Barrier Disruption in Mice.International endodontic journal · 2026Article
- Exercise as a Molecular Therapeutic Strategy in Metabolic Syndrome: Integrating Cellular Signaling, Organ Crosstalk, and Clinical Translation-A Narrative Review.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Vitamin D and Metabolic Syndrome: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Serum lipids, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation mediate the association between circadian syndrome and periodontitis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesApical periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory immune response in periapical tissues caused by microbial infections. Failure of root canal treatment or delayed healing is often due to intracanal or extra-radicular bacteria. However, beyond microbial factors, the patient's systemic health can significantly influence the progression and healing of AP. Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor and it is characterized by a cluster of interconnected metabolic risk factors, including abdominal obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. MATERIALS AND
methodsA comprehensive literature review was conducted on apical periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, and their impact on the roles of different immune cell populations.
resultsBoth AP and metabolic syndrome are inflammatory diseases that involve complex and interwoven immune responses. The affected immune cells are categorized into the innate (neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells) and adaptive immune systems (T cells and B cells).
conclusionsMetabolic diseases and AP are closely correlated, possibly intertwined in a two-way relationship driven by a shared dysregulated immune response. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Understanding the pathophysiology and immune mechanisms underlying the two-way relationship between metabolic syndrome and AP can help improve treatment outcomes and enhance the overall well-being of patients with endodontic disease complicated by metabolic syndrome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.