ArticleScientific reports2025
Microfluidic mixing probe: generating multiple concentration-varying flow dipoles.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Application of hydrogels in 3D tumor microenvironment modeling and drug screening for cervical cancer: A review.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- Reversibly-sealable microfluidic platform for multi-molecule gradient delivery to large adherent cell cultures.Biomedical microdevices · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study advances microfluidic probe (MFP) technology through the development of a 3D-printed Microfluidic Mixing Probe (MMP), which integrates a built-in pre-mixer network of channels and features a lined array of paired injection and aspiration apertures. By combining the concepts of hydrodynamic flow confinements (HFCs) and "Christmas-tree" concentration gradient generation, the MMP can produce multiple concentration-varying flow dipoles, ranging from 0 to 100%, within an open microfluidic environment. This innovation overcomes previous limitations of MFPs, which only produced homogeneous bioreagents, by utilizing the pre-mixer to create distinct concentration of injected biochemicals. Experimental results with fluorescent dyes and the chemotherapeutic agent Cisplatin on MCF-7 cells confirmed the MMP's ability to generate precise, discrete concentration gradients with the formed flow dipoles, consistent with numerical models. The MMP's ability to localize drug exposure across cell cultures without cross-contamination opens new avenues for drug testing, personalized medicine, and molecular biology. It enables precise control over gradient delivery, dosage, and timing, which are key factors in enhancing drug evaluation processes.
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Registered trials
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