Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39824983›Full record

ArticlePharmaceutical research2025

Personalized Medicine Through Semisolid-Extrusion Based 3D Printing: Dual-Drug Loaded Gummies for Enhanced Patient Compliance.

Aditi Holkunde, Indrajeet Karnik, Prateek Uttreja, Nagarjuna Narala, Honghe Wang, Rasha M Elkanayati, Sateesh Kumar Vemula, Michael A Repka

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Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Aditi HolkundeDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
Indrajeet KarnikDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
Prateek UttrejaDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
Nagarjuna NaralaDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
Honghe WangDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
Rasha M ElkanayatiDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
Sateesh Kumar VemulaDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
Michael A RepkaDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA. marepka@olemiss.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2049-4696

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe purpose of this research was to develop and characterize dual-drug Isoniazid-Pyridoxine gummies using Semisolid Extrusion (SSE) 3D printing technology, aimed at personalized dosing for a broad patient demographic, from pediatric to geriatric. This study leverages SSE 3D printing, an innovative approach in personalized medicine, to enable precise dose customization and improve patient adherence. By formulating dual drug-loaded gummies, the research addresses the challenges of pill burden and poor palatability associated with traditional tuberculosis regimens, ultimately enhancing the therapeutic experience and effectiveness for patients across various age groups.

methodsGummies were formulated using varying ratios of gelatin, carrageenan, and xylitol, and printed using the BIO X 3D printer. Rheological properties were evaluated to confirm printability, shear-thinning behavior, and viscosity recovery. In vitro drug release and stability were assessed under refrigerated (5 ± 3°C) and ambient (25 ± 2°C) storage conditions. FT-IR spectroscopy was used to examine drug-excipient interactions.

resultsThe optimized F3 formulation, containing 900 mg Isoniazid and 30 mg Pyridoxine, demonstrated successful printability and structural integrity. Over 80% of both drugs were released within 30 min. Rheological testing confirmed ideal shear-thinning and viscoelastic properties for extrusion-based printing. Suitable textural properties for pediatric patient compliance were observed. Stability studies showed that both drug content and release profiles remained consistent for 30 days under refrigerated storage.

conclusionsThis study determines the potential of SSE 3D printing in fabricating personalized Isoniazid-Pyridoxine-loaded gummies, offering a novel, patient-friendly dosage form for tuberculosis treatment. The optimized formulation exhibited excellent printability, stability, and rapid drug release, positioning 3D-printed gummies as a promising alternative to conventional oral dosage forms in enhancing patient adherence.

Indexed as

Antitubercular AgentsIsoniazidPrecision MedicinePrinting, Three-DimensionalChemistry, PharmaceuticalDrug CombinationsDrug CompoundingDrug LiberationDrug StabilityExcipientsGelatinHumansPatient ComplianceRheologyViscosityAntitubercular AgentsDrug CombinationsExcipientsGelatinIsoniazid3D printingDrug-loaded gummiesIsoniazidPersonalized medicinePyridoxineSemisolid extrusionTuberculosis treatment

Identifiers

PMID39824983
PMCPMC11785612

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.