Trial reportNature communications2025
Neutralizing antibody immune correlates in COVAIL trial recipients of an mRNA second COVID-19 vaccine boost.
Trial report in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05289037 (Phase 2 Clinical Trial to Optimize Immune Coverage of SARS-CoV-2 Existing and Emerging Variants), which is not on this map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase 2 Clinical Trial to Optimize Immune Coverage of SARS-CoV-2 Existing and Emerging Variants
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immune correlates analysis in NextCOVE trial for a next-generation mRNA-1283 COVID-19 vaccine.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Effect of Omicron BA.1-based compared to prototype booster mRNA vaccination on incidence of COVID-19 in the COVAIL trial.Vaccine · 2025Trial
- Neutralizing antibody immune correlates in COVAIL trial recipients of an mRNA second COVID-19 vaccine boost.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Article
- Influenza Antibody Levels Associated with Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza in a Test-Negative Study Design, US Flu VE Network, November 2018-May 2019.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Molecular Aspects of Viral Pathogenesis in Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Evolving Mechanisms of Infection and Host Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Viral correlates of protection and the multifarious interactions of B and T cells.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Variant-specific antibody correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron symptomatic and overall infections.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Neutralizing and binding antibodies are a correlate of risk of COVID-19 in the CoVPN 3008 study in people with HIV.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Development of an mRNA vaccine encoding IHNV glycoprotein protects rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from infection.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
48 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Neutralizing antibody titer has been a surrogate endpoint for guiding COVID-19 vaccine approval and use, although the pandemic's evolution and the introduction of variant-adapted vaccine boosters raise questions as to this surrogate's contemporary performance. For 985 recipients of an mRNA second bivalent or monovalent booster containing various Spike inserts [Prototype (Ancestral), Beta, Delta, and/or Omicron BA.1 or BA.4/5] in the COVAIL trial (NCT05289037), titers against 5 strains were assessed as correlates of risk of symptomatic COVID-19 ("COVID-19") and as correlates of relative (Pfizer-BioNTech Omicron vs. Prototype) booster protection against COVID-19 over 6 months of follow-up during the BA.2-BA.5 Omicron-dominant period. Consistently across the Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine platforms and across all variant Spike inserts assessed, both peak and exposure-proximal ("predicted-at-exposure") titers correlated with lower Omicron COVID-19 risk in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, albeit significantly less so in naïve individuals [e.g., exposure-proximal hazard ratio per 10-fold increase in BA.1 titer 0.74 (95% CI 0.59, 0.94) for naïve vs. 0.41 (95% CI 0.23, 0.64) for non-naïve; interaction p = 0.013]. Neutralizing antibody titer was a strong inverse correlate of Omicron COVID-19 in non-naïve individuals and a weaker correlate in naïve individuals, posing questions about how prior infection alters the neutralization correlate.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.