Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39824762›Full record

ArticleEcology letters2025

Reconciling Variability in Multiple Stressor Effects Using Environmental Performance Curves.

Hebe Carmichael, Ruth Warfield, Gabriel Yvon-Durocher

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Ecology letters, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. An experimental approach to assess the combined effects of multiple stressors on a large vertebrate species.Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Hebe CarmichaelEnvironment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7123-2595
Ruth WarfieldEnvironment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK.
Gabriel Yvon-DurocherDepartment of Geography, Faculty of Science, Environment and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1749-3417

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding the effects of multiple stressors has become a major focus in ecology and evolution. While many studies have investigated the combined effects of stressors, revealing massive variability, a mechanistic understanding that reconciles the diversity of multiple stressor outcomes is lacking. Here, we show how performance curves can fill this gap by revealing mechanisms that shape multiple stressor outcomes. Our experiments with 12 bacterial taxa, demonstrate that additional stressors alter the shape of temperature, pH and salinity performance curves. This leads to changes in stressor interaction outcomes-for example, shifts between additive, antagonistic or synergistic interactions-along gradients, revealing that small changes in a stressor along nonlinear performance curves can dramatically impact the stressor interaction. These findings help to explain the lack of generality found across multiple stressor studies and highlight how a performance curve approach can provide a more holistic view of multiple stressor interactions.

Indexed as

BacteriaBacterial Physiological PhenomenaModels, BiologicalStress, PhysiologicalHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationSalinityTemperatureenvironmental changemultiple stressorsperformance curves

Identifiers

PMID39824762
PMCPMC11741915

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.