ReviewThe lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology2025
Definition and diagnostic criteria of clinical obesity.
Erratum issuedAbstract readReview
In one paragraph
Review in The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1,030 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,030citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1,030 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of Obesity Management Education for Healthcare Professionals: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical obesity · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Obesity Medications for Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Identifying Eating Disorders in Adolescents and Adults Living With Higher Weight: An Updated Systematic Review of Questionnaire Diagnostic Accuracy.The International journal of eating disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Weight-Loss Interventions on Kidney, Cardiometabolic and Anthropometric Outcomes in Adults With CKD and Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Post-Diagnostic Diet and Breast Cancer Outcomes: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studies and Randomized Clinical Trials.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- GLP-1 agonists and changes in body mass and composition in adults with overweight or obesity with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Pooled it
- Life Course Trajectories of Body Mass Index and Risk of Cancer in Adulthood: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Semaglutide Effects on Adipose Tissue and Emerging Effects on Brain and Cognition.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Pooled it
- Comparison of the concomitant use of anti-obesity medications with endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty versus endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty alone: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Pooled it
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for weight management in mental illness: a network meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Association of tirzepatide with changes in OSA-related measures based on baseline characteristics - post hoc analyses of SURMOUNT-OSA.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026Trial
- Enhancing Postoperative Outcomes After Metabolic Bariatric Surgery: a Pilot Study of Inhibitory Control Training, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Psychosocial Aftercare.Obesity surgery · 2026Trial
- Survodutide in adults with obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: SYNCHRONIZE-MASLD, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Article
- Increasing trends in adult obesity in Greenland: a serial cross-sectional study from 1999 through 2018.International journal of circumpolar health · 2026Article
- Impaired boundaries, sense of self, and personal control: the lifelong trajectory of co-occurring obesity and adverse childhood experiences for adult women.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2026Article
- Body mass index and hospital mortality in mechanically ventilated patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure: A retrospective cohort study.Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine · 2026Article
- Lipedema and obesity: biological interactions, diagnostic challenges, and principles of interdisciplinary management - a narrative review.Adipocyte · 2026Review
- Article
- Agreement between people with obesity and their treating physicians on behavioral and psychological phenotypes in real-world obesity care.Obesity pillars · 2026Article
970 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
56 authors.
Francesco RubinoMetabolic and Bariatric Surgery, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; King's College Hospital, London, UK. Electronic address: francesco.rubino@kcl.ac.uk.
David E CummingsUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.
Robert H EckelUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Ricardo V CohenCenter for the Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, Brazil.
John P H WildingDepartment of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Wendy A BrownMonash University Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Fatima Cody StanfordNeuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Rachel L BatterhamInternational Medical Affairs, Eli Lilly, Basingstoke, UK; Diabetes and Endocrinology, University College London, London, UK.
I Sadaf FarooqiInstitute of Metabolic Science and National Institute for Health and Care Research, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre at Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
Nathalie J Farpour-LambertObesity Prevention and Care Program, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Carel W le RouxDiabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Naveed SattarSchool of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Louise A BaurSydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Weight Management Services, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Katherine M MorrisonCentre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Anoop MisraFortis C-DOC Center of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India; National Diabetes Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, New Delhi, India; Diabetes Foundation New Delhi, India.
Takashi KadowakiToranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Kwang Wei ThamDepartment of Endocrinology, Woodlands Health, National Healthcare Group, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Priya SumithranDepartment of Surgery, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
W Timothy GarveyDepartment of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
John P KirwanPennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
José-Manuel Fernández-RealCIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Girona, Spain; Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Hospital Trueta of Girona and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain.
Barbara E CorkeyChobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Hermann ToplakDivision of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Alexander KokkinosFirst Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Robert F KushnerDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Francesco BrancaDepartment of Nutrition and Food Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Jonathan ValabhjiDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Matthias BlüherHelmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research of Helmholtz Munich, University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Stefan R BornsteinDepartment of Internal Medicine III, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany; School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
Harvey J GrillInstitute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Eric RavussinPennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Edward GreggSchool of Population Health, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Noor B Al BusaidiNational Diabetes and Endocrine Center, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Oman Diabetes Association, Muscat, Oman.
Nasreen F AlfarisObesity Endocrine and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ebaa Al OzairiClinical Research Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait.
Lena M S CarlssonInstitute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Karine ClémentNutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics Research Group, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hospital of Paris, Paris, France.
Jean-Pierre DesprésVITAM-Research Center on Sustainable Health, Québec, QC, Canada.
John B DixonIverson Health Innovation Research institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Gauden GaleaRegional Office for Europe, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Lee M KaplanSection on Obesity Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
Blandine LaferrèreDivision of Endocrinology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Martine LavilleClaude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.
Soo LimDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
Jesús R Luna FuentesMexican Society of Obesity, Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
Vicki M MooneyEuropean Coalition for people Living with Obesity, Dublin, Ireland.
Joseph NadglowskiObesity Action Coalition, Tampa, FL, USA.
Agbo UrudinachiDepartment of Community Health, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
Magdalena Olszanecka-GlinianowiczHealth Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
An PanSchool of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Francois PattouTranslational Research for Diabetes, Lille University, Lille University Hospital, Inserm, Institut Pasteur Lille, Lille, France; Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.
Philip R SchauerPennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Matthias H TschöpHelmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Maria T van der MerweUniversity of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Nectare Waterfall City Hospital, Midrand, South Africa.
Roberto VettorInternal Medicine, Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Center for Metabolic and Nutrition Related Diseases,Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.
Geltrude MingroneDivision of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; University Polyclinic Foundation Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Funding
Tracking & Evaluation CoreU54GM104940 · NIGMS · LSU PENNINGTON BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CTR · PI Peter Todd Katzmarzyk · 2012 to 2026
$69.1MCreating Opportunities for Unparalleled Researchers to Achieve Growth and Excellence (COURAGE)U24DK132733 · NIDDK · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI MORONE, NATALIA E., STANFORD, FATIMA CODY · 2022 to 2025
$3.3MAccelerating Research Advancement for Investigators Underrepresented in AcademiaUE5DK137285 · NIDDK · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Fatima Cody Stanford, Takara Leah Stanley · 2023 to 2026
$621kNIDDK NIH HHS U24 DK132733NIDDK NIH HHS UE5 DK137285NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104940World Health Organization 001
Abstract
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