ArticlePloS one2025
Economic impact and clinical benefits of clinical pharmacy interventions: A six-year multi-center study using an innovative medication management tool.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Building on the 2025 National Academies Pharmacy Workshop: health systems financially supported pharmacist roles.Health affairs scholar · 2026Article
- The Role of Pharmacies in Providing Point-of-Care Services in the Era of Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence: An Updated Review of Technologies, Regulation and Socioeconomic Considerations.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Medication reconciliation in clinical practice: a survey of knowledge, attitude, and practices among Egyptian healthcare providers.BMC medical education · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIncreasing healthcare costs, particularly in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) like Egypt, highlight the need for rational economic strategies. Clinical pharmacy interventions offer potential benefits by reducing drug therapy problems and associated costs, thereby supporting healthcare system sustainability.
objectiveThis study evaluates the economic impact and clinical benefits of clinical pharmacy interventions in four tertiary hospitals in Egypt by implementing an innovative tool for medication management, focusing on cost avoidance and return on investment (ROI), while accounting for case severity and drug therapy problem (DTP) resolution.
methodsUtilizing a digital tool, cost avoidance was assessed by considering the severity of patient cases and the effectiveness of clinical pharmacists' interventions in resolving identified DTPs. Additionally, ROI was calculated by incorporating both full-time equivalent (FTE) and non-FTE costs to evaluate the overall economic impact of clinical pharmacy services over a six-year period across four tertiary care hospitals in Egypt.
resultsOver six years, a total of 492,612 patients were reviewed, leading to 19,240 comprehensive clinical pharmacy interventions. These interventions achieved an 88.63% resolution of DTPs, significantly reducing patient risk by preventing adverse DTP consequences, resulting in a total cost avoidance of EGP 265.32 million (USD 8.60 million) and an average ROI of 7.6 (760%). This underscores the substantial economic impact of clinical pharmacy services, particularly in LMICs and countries transitioning to universal health insurance coverage, where cost efficiency and patient safety are critical.
conclusionThis study underscores the importance of clinical pharmacy interventions in improving healthcare outcomes and generating significant economic benefits, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. By accounting for case severity and the level of DTP consequences, along with the efficiency of clinical pharmacist-led interventions in resolving DTPs, the economic impact of these services can be more accurately evaluated. These findings are essential for informing policy decisions, highlighting the critical role of clinical pharmacy services in supporting healthcare systems facing economic constraints.
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