Development and validation of headspace gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector method for the determination of ethanol in the vitreous humor.

Filip Mihajlović, Ivana Andrić, Živana Slović, Maja Vujović, Kristina Piskulić, Snežana Đorđević

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

A Two-Stage In Silico-Guided Workflow for Forensic Toxicology: Empirical Validation via Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Prior to Mass-Spectrometric Confirmation.Toxics · 2026
Review

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Filip MihajlovićDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2795-3034

Ivana AndrićDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1682-7075

Živana SlovićDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6327-2888

Maja VujovićDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, 18000, Serbia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5728-4441

Kristina PiskulićDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3297-4777

Snežana ĐorđevićDepartment of Toxicological Chemistry, National Poison Control Center, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5653-4015

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Qualitative and quantitative testing of ethanol in Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (HS/GC-FID) method for determining ethanol concentration in VH. Materials and methods: Conditions for the HS/GC-FID method were established and the method was validated according to the guidelines of the European Medicines Agency. Validation parameters such as precision, accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and linearity over a wide concentration range were evaluated through statistical analysis. Results: The method demonstrated precision, accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity. Additionally, it proved to be linear across a wide concentration range and relatively fast, making it suitable for rapid and routine determination of ethanol concentration in VH, particularly for forensic applications. Conclusion: Results from validation and application of the method to VH samples indicate that ethanol concentration in VH can be reliably determined using the presented HS/GC-FID method, making it a valuable tool in forensic investigations.

Indexed as

alcoholalternative samplesinstrumental methodspostmortem analysis

Identifiers

PMID39822986

DOI10.1515/med-2024-1123

PMCPMC11737362

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.