ArticleKidney medicine2024
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Events in Adults With CKD: The CRIC Study.
Article in Kidney medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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15 authors.
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Abstract
Rationale & Objective: In the general population, neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) has been found to be associated with cardiovascular risk, but this relationship has not been well studied among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study seeked to evaluate the association between neighborhood SES and cardiovascular outcomes in a CKD cohort. Study Design: Multicenter prospective cohort. Setting & Participants: In total, 3,197 participants in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study without cardiovascular disease at baseline. Exposure: Neighborhood SES quartiles using a validated neighborhood-level SES summary measure for 6 census-derived variables. Outcome: Incident heart failure, myocardial infarction, and all-cause death. Analytical Approach: Cox proportional hazards. Results: During median follow-up of 8.8 years, there were 465 incident heart failure events, 297 myocardial infarctions, and 891 deaths. In a fully adjusted model, among individuals with estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥45 mL/min/1.73 m Limitations: Findings are subject to residual confounding and bias. Conclusions: In a CKD cohort, neighborhood-level SES was associated with incident heart failure among individuals with more preserved kidney function and death in those younger than 60 years. Policies and public health and health system interventions are needed to address individual- and neighborhood-level SES factors to improve outcomes for patients with CKD residing in disadvantaged communities.
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