ArticleHealth affairs scholar2025
Paying for home care out-of-pocket is common and costly across the income spectrum among older adults.
Article in Health affairs scholar, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Price of Care: Trends in Financial Transfers to Aging Parents.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2026Article
- Demographic structure, consumption composition, and household health investment: evidence from sports and fitness expenditure.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Who chooses consumer-directed personal care? Characterizing users and switchers under New York Medicaid.Health affairs scholar · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Many older adults with personal care needs rely on paid caregivers to remain in the community ("home care"). Those without Medicaid or private long-term-care insurance must pay out-of-pocket for care. We used the Health and Retirement Study to identify the prevalence and financial burden of paying for home care out-of-pocket in 2002-2018, by income and dementia status. Over 600 000 people with personal care needs paid out-of-pocket for home care in a given year, 45% of whom have dementia. The quantity and cost of this care were substantial for people with dementia in particular: 51% of those with dementia paying out-of-pocket for home care spent ≥$1000/month. While the probability of paying out-of-pocket for home care increased sharply with income, 52% of people paying out-of-pocket for home care had incomes below 200% of the federal poverty line; this group faced high financial burdens of care. Policies aimed at easing the financial burden of home care are essential, particularly for low-income individuals with dementia who experience the greatest financial burden.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.