ReviewJournal of gastric cancer2025
Spatial and Temporal Tumor Heterogeneity in Gastric Cancer: Discordance of Predictive Biomarkers.
Review in Journal of gastric cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Stage-specific associations of HER2 overexpression with clinical and pathological features in bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International urology and nephrology · 2026Pooled it
- The Utility of HER2 Overexpression in Prognosis of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Pooled it
- Savolitinib in MET-amplified gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: a phase 2 trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Molecular classification and precision therapy in gastric cancer: Current advances and future perspectives (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- Review
- Conducting Polymer-Nanomaterial Hybrids for Cancer Diagnostics.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Claudin 18.2 expression-concordance between primary and metastatic lesions in gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.ESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Review
- Intratumoral heterogeneity of intermediate CLDN18.2 expression in gastric cancer.International journal of clinical oncology · 2026Article
- A study on the mechanism of action of B7H4 in HER2-positive gastric cancer and its sensitivity to trastuzumab therapy.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive, Claudin-18 Isoform 2-Positive, Mismatch Repair-Deficient Gastric Cancer Revealed by Immunohistochemical Analysis of Surgical Specimens: A Case Report.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- MET-amplified gastric cancers exhibit co-amplifications of BRAF, CDK6, and EGFR.The journal of pathology. Clinical research · 2026Article
- Diagnostic discordance and treatment-associated change of PD-L1 and CLDN18.2 in gastric cancer: a real-world analysis of paired biopsy-resection samples.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2026Article
- Tackling similarities and differences in global practice guidelines for gastric cancer: a review on the latest Taiwan guidelines with Asia-Pacific, European and US guidelines.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2026Review
- Claudin18.2 and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in gastric cancer: mechanistic insights and implications for combination immunotherapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- HER2 Therapies in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Evaluation of Droplet Digital PCR Assay for the Detection of Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal, Gastric, and Endometrial Cancers.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Efficacy of CLDN18.2-Targeted Radiotheranostics in Patient-Derived Models of Gastric Cancer.Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2026Article
- Comprehensive analysis of FGFR2b and its correlation with essential biomarkers, intratumoral heterogeneity, and survival in advanced gastric cancer.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Article
- Harnessing Proteogenomics to Advance Precision Oncology: From Melanoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Perspective.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly heterogeneous disease that varies in both histological presentation and genetic characteristics. Recent advances in the treatment of metastatic and unresectable GC have made several biomarker tests essential for patient management. Predictive biomarkers such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), mismatch-repair (MMR) proteins, claudin 18.2, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b (FGFR2b) are commonly evaluated using immunohistochemistry. However, the expression levels of these biomarkers may vary across different tumor areas, and the accuracy of biomarker diagnosis can be affected by sample quantity, sample location, and collection method. Therefore, tumor heterogeneity presents substantial challenges for accurate biomarker-based diagnosis and prediction of therapeutic responses. Tumor heterogeneity can be categorized into spatial heterogeneity, which refers to variations within the primary tumor (intra-tumoral) or between primary and metastatic sites, and temporal heterogeneity, which encompasses changes over time. This review addresses the tumor heterogeneity in predictive biomarker expression in GC, focusing on HER2, PD-L1, MMR, the Epstein-Barr virus, claudin 18.2, and FGFR2b.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.