ArticleOral and maxillofacial surgery2025
Non-smoking, non-drinking, oral squamous cell carcinoma patients are a distinct and clinically significant group.
Article in Oral and maxillofacial surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prevalence and Etiopathogenic Profile of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Nonsmokers and Nondrinkers: Expanding Risk Determinants Beyond Tobacco Exposure.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Non-Smoking, Non-Drinking Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Is Associated with an Immune-Modulated Clinical Phenotype.Cancers · 2026Article
- Special Issue "Pathogenesis and Treatments of Head and Neck Cancer".International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
purposeCarcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has long been associated with exposure to tobacco smoke and alcohol consumption. Some centres have reported that non-smoking non-drinking (NSND) patients represent a significant and increasing proportion of OSCC cases with reports of poorer outcomes. Demographic characteristics are variably reported for this group and carcinogenesis is not fully understood. We present the largest cohort study to date in this subject area and sought to better understand demographics and survival.
methodsWe interrogated 541 OSCC patients by retrospective analysis to assess risk factor status, disease characteristics and survival. Patients were categorised according to smoking and alcohol exposure with non-smoker (NS) status defined as less than five cigarettes per week with no history of use greater than this. Non-drinker (ND) status was defined as less than three standard drinks per week with no history of alcohol consumption greater than this. Those both NS and ND were categorised as NSND. Subsite, tumour stage and treatment were recorded along with evidence of cervical nodal and distant metastasis.
resultsThese patients were more likely to be female, older and present with early-stage disease. Tumour site was tongue, maxillary alveolus and buccal mucosa, at variance with the smoker drinker groups.
conclusionNSNDs comprise a significant proportion our OSCC population. These patients were more likely to be female, older and present with early-stage disease. Tumour site was tongue, maxillary alveolus and buccal mucosa, at variance with the smoker drinker groups. Thus, NSNDs are a clinically distinct and significant group in oral cavity cancer management.
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