Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39821209›Full record

SynthesisBritish medical bulletin2025

Physicians' required competencies in AI-assisted clinical settings: a systematic review.

Lotte Schuitmaker, Jojanneke Drogt, Manon Benders, Karin Jongsma

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in British medical bulletin, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Lotte SchuitmakerDepartment of Bioethics & Health Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Jojanneke DrogtDepartment of Bioethics & Health Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Manon BendersDepartment of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Karin JongsmaDepartment of Bioethics & Health Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUtilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) in clinical settings may offer significant benefits. A roadblock to the responsible implementation of medical AI is the remaining uncertainty regarding requirements for AI users at the bedside. An overview of the academic literature on human requirements for the adequate use of AI in clinical settings is therefore of significant value. SOURCES OF DATA: A systematic review of the potential implications of medical AI for the required competencies of physicians as mentioned in the academic literature. AREAS OF AGREEMENT: Our findings emphasize the importance of physicians' critical human skills, alongside the growing demand for technical and digital competencies. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY: Concrete guidance on physicians' required competencies in AI-assisted clinical settings remains ambiguous and requires further clarification and specification. Dissensus remains over whether physicians are adequately equipped to use and monitor AI in clinical settings in terms of competencies, skills and expertise, issues of ownership regarding normative guidance, and training of physicians' skills. GROWING POINTS: Our review offers a basis for subsequent further research and normative analysis on the responsible use of AI in clinical settings. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH: Future research should clearly outline (i) how physicians must be(come) competent in working with AI in clinical settings, (ii) who or what should take ownership of embedding these competencies in a normative and regulatory framework, (iii) investigate conditions for achieving a reasonable amount of trust in AI, and (iv) assess the connection between trust and efficiency in patient care.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceClinical CompetencePhysiciansHumansAI competenciesAI ethicsartificial intelligencedigital healthmedical AIsystematic review

Identifiers

PMID39821209
PMCPMC11738171

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.