ReviewAdvances in experimental medicine and biology2025
Embryonic Mammary Gland Morphogenesis.
Review in Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mammary adipocyte plasticity and epithelial crosstalk: roles in development, remodeling, and disease.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- The Metabolic-Immune Axis: Amino Acids and Immune Cell Dynamics in Mammary Gland Development and Remodeling.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Embryonic mammary gland development unfolds with the specification of bilateral mammary lines, thereafter progressing through placode, bud, and sprout stages before branching morphogenesis. Extensive epithelial-mesenchymal interactions guide morphogenesis from embryogenesis to adulthood. Two distinct mesenchymal tissues are involved, the primary mammary mesenchyme that harbors mammary inductive capacity, and the secondary mesenchyme, the precursor of the adult stroma. Placode and bud stages are morphologically similar with other ectodermal appendages like the hair follicle, reflecting the mammary gland's assumed evolutionary origin from an ancestral hair follicle-associated glandular unit. The shared features extend to signalling cascades such as the Wnt/β-catenin, fibroblast growth factor (Fgf), and ectodysplasin (Eda) pathways, while pathways unique to mammary gland include parathyroid hormone-like hormone (Pthlh) signalling and Hedgehog activity suppression. Mammary gland branching is highly non-stereotypic, achieved by the dynamic use of two distinct modes of branching: tip bifurcation and side branching and stochastic branch point formation. The cellular mechanisms driving the initial morphogenetic steps are slowly beginning to be unravelled. During placode and bud stages, mammary primordium predominantly grows through cell influx, while sprouting correlates with heightened proliferation. Branch elongation is driven by directional cell migration combined with differential cell motility and proliferation supplying the reservoir of migratory cells, whereas a bifurcating tip is associated with localized repression of the cell cycle and cell motility. Numerous similarities exist between embryonic programs and breast tumorigenesis, spanning cellular plasticity, epithelial-stromal interactions, and molecular regulators. Understanding embryonic mammogenesis may provide insights into how normal developmental processes can go awry, leading to malignancy, or how they can be reversed to prevent cancer progression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
39821018What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.