ReviewNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2025
Efgartigimod treatment for therapy-refractory autoimmune encephalitis with coexistent NMDAR and LGI1 antibodies: a case report and literature review.
Review in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy of efgartigimod in the treatment of autoimmune encephalitis: a systematic review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness and safety of efgartigimod in patients with anti-NMDAR or anti-LGI1 encephalitis and itsNeuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2026Article
- Efgartigimod as rescue therapy in refractory anti-GABAB receptor encephalitis: a case report.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- The Treatment of Antibody-Mediated Encephalitis: Current, Future Therapies, Unmet Need and Patient Management.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Clinical characteristics of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy with concomitant Epstein-Barr virus positivity: a case series of 12 patients and literature review.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Recurrent steroid-intolerant Hashimoto's encephalopathy responsive to single-dose neonatal Fc receptor antagonist: a case report and literature review.BMC neurology · 2026Review
- Case Report: Atypical anti-KLHL11 antibody encephalitis: recurrent staring spells, serial negative MRI findings, and a tripartite diagnostic journey.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Clinical outcomes and safety of efgartigimod in Guillain-Barré syndrome: a retrospective observation study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- The effect of FcRn inhibition on overlapping autoimmune comorbidity in AChR-seropositive generalized myasthenia gravis.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Efgartigimod as a salvage therapy for anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients after first-line treatment failure: a case series.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Preliminary observations on the efficacy of efgartigimod in anti-LGI1-associated autoimmune encephalitis.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- Case Report: A case of anti-mGluR1 antibody-associated encephalitis treated with efgartigimod combined with rituximab.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Sequential FcRn blockade and B-cell depletion for treatment-refractory relapsing autoimmune encephalitis: a three-patient case series.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Efgartigimod-rituximab sequential therapy in Anti-NMDAR encephalitis: real-world evidence for a novel salvage-maintenance strategy.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Safety and Efficacy of a Neonatal Fc Receptor Antagonist in Patients With Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Targeting the Neonatal Fc Receptor in Autoimmune Diseases: Pipeline and Progress.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2025Review
- Efgartigimod for patients with thymoma associated generalized myasthenia gravis during the perioperative period: a four-case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Successful sequential treatment with ofatumumab followed by efgartigimod for refractory autoimmune encephalitis with dual anti-NMDAR and anti-GFAP antibody positivity: first case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Case Report: KLHL11 encephalitis in a female patient with dual primary malignancies of breast and lung cancer: response to FcRn inhibitor therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Fc receptor (FcRn) inhibitors can ameliorate autoimmune conditions such as myasthenia gravis through a rapid and specific clearance of serum IgG levels, and they also have potential for future use in a wider variety of antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases. Some patients with therapy-refractory autoimmune encephalitis (AE) continue to be unresponsive to initial and secondary treatment regimens. A 32-year-old male presented with predominant psychiatric symptoms and seizures, along with imaging evidence indicating multifocal cerebral cortical involvement. Neural antibody testing revealed dual positivity for N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibodies in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotyping revealed the presence of the DQB1*03:01 and DQB1*06:01 alleles in the patient. Treatment with efgartigimod, the FcRn inhibitor, led to significant clinical improvements accompanied by a significant decrease in both anti-NMDAR and anti-LGI1 antibody levels. Herein, we report a rare case of therapy-refractory anti-NMDAR AE coexisting with positive LGI1 antibodies. Efgartigimod demonstrates promising potential for treating antibody-mediated AE. Clinical trial number Not applicable.
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