Observational studyBMJ open2025
Investigating male factors and their relationships with reproductive health outcomes: a case-control study protocol for Towards Optimal Fertility, Fathering, and Fatherhood studY (TOFFFY) in Singapore.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06293235 (Investigating Male Factors and Their Relationships With Reproductive Health Outcomes in Singapore), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigating Male Factors and Their Relationships With Reproductive Health Outcomes in Singapore: Towards Optimal Fertility, Fathering and Fatherhood studY
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Investigating the time-dependent withdrawal effects of sofosbuvir and/or ribavirin on male mice: a histological and histophotometrical approach.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- The Personal and Social Determinants with Men's Age During Their First Transition to Fatherhood: A Case Study From Mashhad, Iran.American journal of men's healthArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDespite the global prevalence of low fertility rates, male contributions to fertility and reproductive health outcomes have been understudied. This study aims to investigate the male contribution to fertility and explore the underlying biological mechanisms. Specifically, we aim to (1) identify male factors associated with successful pregnancy, (2) develop a fertility index incorporating modifiable factors for both males and females to predict pregnancy rate and (3) explore the relationship of male modifiable factors with semen parameters and molecular characteristics. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will conduct an unmatched case-control study involving 240 couples with impaired male fertility (cases) and 240 couples with normal male fertility (controls). Between July 2024 and June 2026, we will recruit 480 eligible couples from KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore. Male and female participants will complete questionnaires on sociodemographics, general health and lifestyle factors, and their anthropometry and body fat composition will be measured. Blood and semen samples from the male participants will be collected for biochemical, molecular and semen analyses. Predictive male factors will be identified using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method, accounting for female factors. We will construct a logistic regression model incorporating both male and female factors to derive a fertility index, which will be evaluated using cross-validation on subsets of the study population. Multivariable linear regression will be used to explore relationships between male modifiable exposures and semen parameters. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study protocol has received approval from the Centralised Institutional Review Board of SingHealth (2024/2120), Singapore. Participants will provide written informed consent. Study results will be disseminated through conferences and peer-reviewed scientific journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT06293235.
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Registered trials
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