ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2025
Combined effects of global DNA methylation, blood lead and total urinary arsenic levels on developmental delay in preschool children.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Maternal and early-life arsenic exposure and relative telomere length in children: Findings from the BiRCH cohort.Environmental research · 2026Article
- The Effects of Lead, Cadmium and Arsenic Exposure Alone or in Combination on Neurotoxicity Through Neural Signaling Pathways.Biological trace element research · 2026Review
- Inhibitor of Growth Proteins: Epigenetic Regulators Shaping Neurobiology.Biomolecules · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
DNA methylation is a critical step in brain development, 5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5mdC) is one of the global DNA methylation markers. Arsenic and lead exposures have been associated with neurotoxicity, which may be linked to epigenetic changes. Our research sought to investigate the correlation between 5mdC and developmental delay (DD) among preschoolers. Additionally, we assessed whether 5mdC modified the impacts of blood lead and total urinary arsenic levels on DD. We analyzed the concentrations of 5mdC, blood cadmium and lead, and total urinary arsenic in 174 children with DD and 88 healthy children. Global DNA methylation levels are expressed as the ratio 5mdC/2'-dexyguanosine (dG), called 5mdC (%). In our findings, elevated levels of blood lead and total urinary arsenic were significantly associated with DD risk among preschoolers. Furthermore, high 5mdC (%) was related with reduced risk of DD, with an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.14 (0.06 - 0.32). A notable multiplicative interaction was observed between low 5mdC (%) and elevated blood lead levels to increase OR of DD, with OR and 95% CI was 9.51 (4.18 - 21.64). The findings provide evidence of the combined effects of reduced 5mdC (%) and high blood lead concentrations, increasing the OR of DD.
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