ArticleCritical care (London, England)2025
Inhibition of Interleukin-40 prevents multi-organ damage during sepsis by blocking NETosis.
Article in Critical care (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06963541 (Comparison of IL-40 and IL-41 Levels in Patients With Sepsis and Septic Shock to Healthy Individuals), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of IL-40 and IL-41 Levels in Patients With Sepsis and Septic Shock to Healthy Individuals
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Interleukin-39 is a Prognostic Biomarker and Therapy Target for Sepsis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- EGFR orchestrates neutrophil activation and NETosis via CEBPβ-dependent PGLYRP1 induction.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- Deficiency of interleukin-40 prevents intestinal damage in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis by inhibiting NETosis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- IL40: A Newly Described Cytokine With Conflicting Measurements and Detection Variability-Are There Different Forms?Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Interleukin-40 as a biomarker of mortality risk in patients with severe pneumonia.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Neutrophil in sepsis: functional aberration and regulated cell death.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Unveiling Interleukin-40: A Novel Regulator of Macrophage and B Cell Function in Allergic Asthma.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-40, and endorepellin levels in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2026Article
- Single-Cell transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood immune cells reveal early monocyte and platelet activation in the transition from high-risk states to clinical sepsis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparative Investigation of Cardiac Injury Mediated by IL-40 and Oxidative Stress Markers in Pericardial Fluid and Serum.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Combatting sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction: emerging mechanisms and immunomodulatory breakthroughs.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Circulating NETs enable early identification of thrombotic risk in sepsis at emergency care onset.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Effects of Vitamin E on Redox balance in regulating thiol/disulfide homeostasis in sepsis: An antioxidant therapy perspective.PloS one · 2025Article
- Serum interleukin-40 increases in anti-AchR antibody-positive myasthenia gravis and correlates with disease activity.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Identification of sepsis biomarkers through glutamine metabolism-mediated immune regulation: a comprehensive analysis employing mendelian randomization, multi-omics integration, and machine learning.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Despite intensive clinical and scientific efforts, the mortality rate of sepsis remains high due to the lack of precise biomarkers for patient stratification and therapeutic guidance. Interleukin 40 (IL-40), a novel cytokine with immune regulatory functions in human diseases, was elevated at admission in two independent cohorts of patients with sepsis. High levels of secreted IL-40 in septic patients were positively correlated with PCT, CRP, lactate (LDH), and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, in which IL-40 levels were used to stratify the early death of critically ill patients with sepsis. Moreover, genetic knockout of IL-40 (IL-40
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