Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39819423›Full record

Observational studyBMC medical education2025

Educating the future: Serbian healthcare students' knowledge and attitudes toward urinary incontinence.

Dragana Milutinović, Dragana Simin, Marijana Ostoić, Sonja Golubović, Dragana Živković

Abstract readComparative StudyObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMC medical education, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Dragana MilutinovićDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 3 Hajduk Veljkova Street, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia. dragana.milutinovic@mf.uns.ac.rs.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2693-543X
Dragana SiminDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 3 Hajduk Veljkova Street, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2595-894X
Marijana OstoićInstitute for Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, 10 Hajduk Veljkova Street, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-2485-8706
Sonja GolubovićDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 3 Hajduk Veljkova Street, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3716-698X
Dragana ŽivkovićDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 3 Hajduk Veljkova Street, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9391-2938

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionUrinary incontinence (UI) is a growing global health problem that affects both women and men of all ages and can seriously negatively impact quality of life. Healthcare professionals' knowledge and attitudes significantly influence UI prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. However, there is a notable lack of research exploring healthcare students' understanding and perceptions of UI. In many countries, they, as future healthcare professionals, must also have continence care competency before graduation. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare students toward UI.

methodsThe study was designed as an observational, analytical, and comparative cross-sectional with 378 healthcare students in Serbia during the winter semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. A general questionnaire for obtaining sociodemographic data, the Urinary Incontinence Knowledge Scale (UIKS) and the Urinary Incontinence Attitude Scale (UIAS) were used as students' report measures. Kuder-Richardson Coefficient (K-R 20) showed high reliability of the UIKS at 0.83, while Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.62 for the UIAS.

resultsThe UIKS score was 16.6 ± 3.9/30. Healthcare students achieved the highest score in the domain of knowledge about the impact of UI on quality of life and the lowest in the domain of UI control. There is a significant difference in students' knowledge level concerning the study program and whether they had a course focusing on UI. The UIAS score was 45.1 ± 4.6/60, indicating a positive attitude to UI. A statistically significant positive but weak correlation was obtained between knowledge and student attitudes about UI.

conclusionsThe study findings highlight a concerning gap in understanding UI among healthcare students despite their pivotal role as future healthcare professionals and underscore the urgent need for comprehensive educational strategies to bridge the knowledge gap and foster more positive attitudes toward UI and their implementation in clinical practice to improve patient health outcomes.

Indexed as

Attitude of Health PersonnelHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeStudents, Health OccupationsUrinary IncontinenceAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleQuality of LifeSerbiaSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultAttitudesKnowledgeQuestionnaireStudentsUrinary incontinence

Identifiers

PMID39819423
PMCPMC11737064

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.