Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39819299›Full record

SynthesisBMC geriatrics2025

Brain computer interfaces for cognitive enhancement in older people - challenges and applications: a systematic review.

Ping-Chen Tsai, Asangaedem Akpan, Kea-Tiong Tang, Heba Lakany

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC geriatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. [Brain-controlled unmanned aerial vehicle system based on meta brain computer interface open-source software platform].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. [Technical maturity and bubble risks of brain-computer interface (BCI): Considerations from research to industrial translation].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2025
    Article
  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Ping-Chen TsaiDepartment of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Liverpool, 9 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, UK.
Asangaedem AkpanInstitute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool and Liverpool University Hospitals NHS FT, Liverpool, UK.
Kea-Tiong TangDepartment of Electrical Engineering, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Heba LakanyDepartment of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Liverpool, 9 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, UK. heba.lakany@liverpool.ac.uk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBrain-computer interface (BCI) offers promising solutions to cognitive enhancement in older people. Despite the clear progress received, there is limited evidence of BCI implementation for rehabilitation. This systematic review addresses BCI applications and challenges in the standard practice of EEG-based neurofeedback (NF) training in healthy older people or older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

methodsArticles were searched via MEDLINE, PubMed, SCOPUS, SpringerLink, and Web of Science. 16 studies between 1st January 2010 to 1st November 2024 are included after screening using PRISMA. The risk of bias, system design, and neurofeedback protocols are reviewed.

resultsThe successful BCI applications in NF trials in older people were biased by the randomisation process and outcome measurement. Although the studies demonstrate promising results in effectiveness of research-grade BCI for cognitive enhancement in older people, it is premature to make definitive claims about widespread BCI usability and applicability. SIGNIFICANCE: This review highlights the common issues in the field of EEG-based BCI for older people. Future BCI research could focus on trial design and BCI performance gaps between the old and the young to develop a robust BCI system that compensates for age-related declines in cognitive and motor functions.

Indexed as

Brain-Computer InterfacesCognitionCognitive DysfunctionNeurofeedbackAgedElectroencephalographyHumansBrain computer interfaceCognitive performanceEEGHealthyMild cognitive impairmentNeurofeedbackOlder people

Identifiers

PMID39819299
PMCPMC11737249

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.