ArticleMultiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)2025
Paramagnetic rim lesion formation is predicted by the initial gadolinium-enhancing lesion diameter.
Article in Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The clinical relevance of hyper-reflective foci in the inner retina at the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.Neurological research and practice · 2025Article
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7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundParamagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) are a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) marker of compartmentalized intraparenchymal inflammation.
objectivesThe primary objective was to investigate clinical, demographic, and MRI factors that may be predictive of the future formation of PRL.
methodsThis is a retrospective analysis of longitudinal data. Patients were included if they had ⩾1 gadolinium-enhancing lesion on any historical MRI and follow-up scan(s) ⩾6 months afterward on a standardized 3T MRI using the filtered phase component of a susceptibility-sensitive sequence ("SWAN"). Regression and machine-learning models were used to identify the predictive ability of demographic, clinical, immunological, treatment-related, and MRI predictors of PRL formation.
resultsA total of 64 patients having 229 contrast-enhancing lesions (CELs) were included. Among all predictors, the diameter of the initial enhancing lesion was the most influential for determining subsequent PRL formation; every millimeter increase in diameter increased the risk of PRL formation by 44%. Other factors did not contribute additional information; the administration of steroids was not associated with any effect.
conclusionsThe long-axis diameter of a CEL is the best translational predictor of subsequent PRL formation at follow-up. This measure holds promise as a method to identify patients at high risk of chronic active lesion formation during the acute inflammatory window.
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