Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39818652›Full record

Observational studyThe Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine2025

Emotional Health of Transgender Youth 24 Months After Initiating Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.

Johanna Olson-Kennedy, Liyuan Wang, Carolyn F Wong, Diane Chen, Diane Ehrensaft, Marco A Hidalgo, Amy C Tishelman, Yee-Ming Chan, Robert Garofalo, Asa E Radix and 1 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Johanna Olson-KennedyDivision of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. Electronic address: jolson@chla.usc.edu.
Liyuan WangDepartment of Health Promotion and Behavior, University of Georgia, College of Public Health, Athens, Georgia.
Carolyn F WongDivision of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
Diane ChenPotocsnak Family Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
Diane EhrensaftDepartment of Pediatrics, Child and Adolescent Gender Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Pediatrics, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California.
Marco A HidalgoGender Health Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Health Services Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.
Amy C TishelmanDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts.
Yee-Ming ChanDivision of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Robert GarofaloPotocsnak Family Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
Asa E RadixDepartment of Medicine, Callen-Lorde Community Health Center, New York, New York; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York.
Stephen M RosenthalDepartment of Pediatrics, Child and Adolescent Gender Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Pediatrics, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California.

Funding

The Impact of Early Medical Treatment in Transgender YouthR01HD082554 · NICHD · CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF LOS ANGELES · PI CHAN, YEE-MING, GAROFALO, ROBERT · 2015 to 2024
$9.7M
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD082554
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeLimited data exist about the emotional health of transgender youth, either before or after initiation of gender-affirming hormone (GAH). The objectives were: (1) Investigate and verify the factor structure of the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Emotional Battery (NIHTB-EB) among trans and non-binary (TNB) youth; (2) Examine changes in emotional health over 24 months of GAH treatment; and (3) Examine the extent to which changes in emotional health were associated with improved appearance congruence (AC).

methodsStudy respondents were from Trans Youth Care - United States (TYCUS) study, an observational, prospective, longitudinal study of adolescents initiating GAH enrolled between 2016 and 2019. Data were obtained at baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months following initiation of GAHtreatment. Participants were receiving services at one of the 4 study sites. Eligible participants were those with gender dysphoria, aged 12-20 years, naïve to GAH, and initiating GAH for the purpose of phenotypic gender transition.

results315 youth aged 12-20 years (M = 16.1, SD = 1.87) were predominantly White (58.7%) and transmasculine (65%). Factor analysis of the NIHTB-EB measures yielded 4 emotional health dimensions, consistent with prior studies of other cohorts. Over the observation period, participants demonstrated significant improvements in AC, psychological well-being, social satisfaction and self-efficacy and significant reductions in negative affect and negative social perception. Significant associations between AC and different indicators of emotional functioning were observed at baseline and over time. DISCUSSION: Emotional functioning after 24 months of GAH treatment significantly improved and was associated with an improvement in AC.

Indexed as

EmotionsGender DysphoriaMental HealthTransgender PersonsAdolescentChildFemaleGender-Affirming ProceduresHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleProspective StudiesUnited StatesYoung AdultEmotional healthGender affirming hormoneTransgender appearance congruenceTransgender youth

Identifiers

PMID39818652
PMCPMC12170176

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.