ArticleFrontiers in parasitology2023
Analysis of insecticides in long-lasting insecticidal nets using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and correlation with bioefficacy.
Article in Frontiers in parasitology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Insecticidal efficacy of residual spraying with deltamethrin-clothianidin (FludoraParasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Larvicidal Potential of Dactyloctenium Aegyptium (L.) Willd. (Poales: Poaceae) Extracts and In Silico Docking of Major Identified Compounds Against Mosquito Vector Proteins.Neotropical entomology · 2025Article
- Insufficient duration of insecticidal efficacy of YaheMalaria journal · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are a key vector control tool used for the prevention of malaria. Active ingredient (AI) measurements in LLINs are essential for evaluating their quality and efficacy. The main aim of the present study was to determine the utility of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy as a suitable field-deployable tool for total AI quantification in LLINs. Methods: New and unused LLIN samples containing deltamethrin (PermaNet® 2.0, Results: The results indicate correlation between quantitative XRF and LC-MS. Interestingly, the total AI content was negatively correlated with bioefficacy in PermaNet® 2.0 (especially in recently manufactured nets). In contrast, AI content was positively correlated with bioefficacy in SafeNet®. These results indicate that the chemical content analysis in predelivery inspections does not always predict bioefficacy. Conclusion: XRF is a promising field-deployable tool for quantification of both deltamethrin- and alpha-cypermethrin-coated LLINs. Because total AI content is not always a predictor of the efficacy of LLINs to kill mosquitoes, bioefficacy measurements should be included in predelivery inspections.
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