Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39816468›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in parasitology2022

Immunomodulatory and biological properties of helminth-derived small molecules: Potential applications in diagnostics and therapeutics.

Karma Yeshi, Roland Ruscher, Alex Loukas, Phurpa Wangchuk

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in parasitology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Strongyloides stercoralis infection alters liver enzyme levels in alcoholic patientsBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Parasitology · 2026
    Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Co-Infection Dynamics ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Karma YeshiCentre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.
Roland RuscherCentre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.
Alex LoukasCentre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.
Phurpa WangchukCentre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Parasitic helminths secrete and excrete a vast array of molecules known to help skew or suppress the host's immune response, thereby establishing a niche for sustained parasite maintenance. Indeed, the immunomodulatory potency of helminths is attributed mainly to excretory/secretory products (ESPs). The ESPs of helminths and the identified small molecules (SM) are reported to have diverse biological and pharmacological properties. The available literature reports only limited metabolites, and the identity of many metabolites remains unknown due to limitations in the identification protocols and helminth-specific compound libraries. Many metabolites are known to be involved in host-parasite interactions and pathogenicity. For example, fatty acids (e.g., stearic acid) detected in the infective stages of helminths are known to have a role in host interaction through facilitating successful penetration and migration inside the host. Moreover, excreted/secreted SM detected in helminth species are found to possess various biological properties, including anti-inflammatory activities, suggesting their potential in developing immunomodulatory drugs. For example, helminths-derived somatic tissue extracts and whole crude ESPs showed anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and suppressing the pathology in chemically-induced experimental mice model of colitis. Unlike bigger molecules like proteins, SM are ideal candidates for drug development since they are small structures, malleable, and lack immunogenicity. Future studies should strive toward identifying unknown SM and isolating the under-explored niche of helminth metabolites using the latest metabolomics technologies and associated software, which hold potential keys for finding new diagnostics and novel therapeutics.

Indexed as

biological activitiesexcretory-secretory productshelminthsimmunomodulatorymetabolomicspharmacological propertiessmall molecules

Identifiers

PMID39816468
PMCPMC11731824

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.