Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39816168›Full record

ArticleTobacco prevention & cessation2025

E-liquid flavors and nicotine concentration choices over 6 months after a smoking cessation attempt with ENDS: Secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial.

Angela Flavia Mosimann, Eva M Güttinger, Kali Tal, Anna Schoeni, Stéphanie Baggio, Nicolas Sambiagio, Aurélie Berthet, Isabelle Jacot-Sadowski, Jean-Paul Humair, Martin Brutsche and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Tobacco prevention & cessation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Patterns of e-Cigarette Use and Smoking Cessation Outcomes: Secondary Analysis of a Large Randomised Controlled Trial to Inform Clinical Advice.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026
    Trial
  4. Trial
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Angela Flavia MosimannInstitute of Primary Health Care, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Eva M GüttingerInstitute of Primary Health Care, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Kali TalInstitute of Primary Health Care, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Anna SchoeniInstitute of Primary Health Care, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Stéphanie BaggioInstitute of Primary Health Care, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Nicolas SambiagioCentre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
Aurélie BerthetCentre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
Isabelle Jacot-SadowskiCentre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
Jean-Paul HumairDepartment of Primary Care Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Martin BrutscheLung Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Anja FreiUniversity of Zurich, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Zurich, Switzerland.
Moa Lina HallerInstitute of Primary Health Care, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Reto AuerInstitute of Primary Health Care, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Julian JakobInstitute of Primary Health Care, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionMany tobacco smokers try to quit with electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS or e-cigarettes). We aimed to describe e-liquid flavors and nicotine concentration use over 6 months in a prospective cohort of smokers willing to quit with ENDS.

methodsWe included 622 participants from the intervention group of the Efficacy, Safety and Toxicology of ENDS randomized controlled trial. Participants were adult smokers smoking at least five cigarettes a day. They received free ENDS and a choice of 6 e-liquid flavors in 4 nicotine concentrations and smoking cessation counseling. We tracked flavor choice and nicotine concentration at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks, and at 6 months, after the target quit date, comparing participants who reported only vaping (exclusive e-cigarette users) to those who vaped and smoked (dual users) over the last 7 days. We applied multivariable regression models to compute adjusted risk ratios (ARR).

resultsAt Week 1, 66% (n=409) were exclusive e-cigarette users, and 21% (n=129) were dual users. At Month 6, 43% (n=266) were exclusive e-cigarette users, and 16% (n=102) were dual users. While flavor choices were similar at Week 1, at 6 months, exclusive e-cigarette users reported using more fruity flavors than dual users (31% vs 22%, ARR=2.10; 95% CI: 1.21-3.66). The nicotine concentration used initially was similar in both groups and diminished over time. At 6 months, exclusive e-cigarette users used a lower mean nicotine concentration than dual users (6.3 vs 8.2 mg/mL, difference= -1.55; 95% CI: -2.84 - -0.25 mg/mL).

conclusionsAfter 6 months, exclusive e-cigarette users used more fruity-flavored e-liquids and chose a lower mean nicotine concentration than dual users.

Indexed as

e-cigarettee-liquidENDSflavornicotine concentrationsmoking cessation

Identifiers

PMID39816168
PMCPMC11734314

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.