Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39815621›Full record

ArticleMolecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy2025

Genetically reprogrammed exosomes for immunotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia.

Lei Zhang, Guoyun Kao, Yuanteng Zhao, Zeyu Zhang, Hyo Sun Kim, Xiaojing Shi, Qinqin Cheng, Tianling Hou, Heinz-Josef Lenz, Yong Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Synthesis of Bispecific Conjugates by ADP-Ribosyl Cyclases.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  7. Preclinical assessment of genetically modified exosomes for colorectal cancer immunotherapy.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Genetically reprogrammed exosomes for cancer immunotherapy.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Lei ZhangDepartment of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Guoyun KaoDepartment of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Yuanteng ZhaoDepartment of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Zeyu ZhangDepartment of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Hyo Sun KimDepartment of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Xiaojing ShiDepartment of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Qinqin ChengDepartment of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Tianling HouDepartment of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Heinz-Josef LenzDivision of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Yong ZhangDepartment of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Chemistry, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Research Center for Liver Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. Electronic address: yongz@usc.edu.

Funding

Reprogramming Exosomes for Biomedical ApplicationsR01EB031830 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI ZHANG, YONG · 2021 to 2024
$2.1M
Reprogramming Exosomes for Novel Immunotherapy of Triple Negative Breast CancerR01CA276240 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Yong Zhang · 2023 to 2026
$2.0M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA276240NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB031830
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Current treatments for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain challenging and are characterized by poor clinical outcomes. Exosomes, cell-derived membranous vesicles, have been emerging as a new modality of therapy. Here, we designed and generated genetically reprogrammed exosomes with surface-displayed antibodies and immunoregulatory proteins, namely programmed immune-engaging exosomes (PRIME Exos). By simultaneously targeting T cells and AML cells expressing C-type lectin-like molecule-1 (CLL-1), PRIME Exos can elicit tumor-specific immune responses and sustain cellular immunity against AML by modulating programmed death 1 (PD-1)- and CD27-mediated immune checkpoint pathways. In preclinical models of AML, PRIME Exos have shown promising efficacy and safety for suppressing leukemia expansion. This study developed a new exosome-based approach for AML immunotherapy.

Indexed as

ExosomesImmunotherapyLeukemia, Myeloid, AcuteAnimalsCell Line, TumorDisease Models, AnimalHumansMiceT-LymphocytesXenograft Model Antitumor Assaysantibodyexosomeimmunotherapyprotein engineeringsynthetic biology

Identifiers

PMID39815621
PMCPMC11897778

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.