Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39815336›Full record

ArticleBMC nutrition2025

Health risk assessment and determination of bisphenol A and aflatoxin M1 in infant formula.

Ghazal Mirzaei, Najmeh Yazdanfar, Nabi Shariatifar, Ebrahim Molaee-Aghaee, Parisa Sadighara

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ghazal MirzaeiDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of public health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Najmeh YazdanfarIranian Research and Development Center for Chemical Industries, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
Nabi ShariatifarDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of public health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ebrahim Molaee-AghaeeDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of public health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Parisa SadigharaDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of public health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. sadighara@farabi.tums.ac.ir.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBisphenol A (BPA) is one of the chemical compounds used in food packaging, so it can migrate from the packaging into food. Also, environmental pollution of this compound is high due to its high use. Therefore, it may enter food chains through the environment. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is one of the common mycotoxins in milk. Its presence has been reported worldwide. Infant formula is an alternative to human milk. The main ingredient of this product is cow's milk.

aimsThis study aimed to investigate the levels and risk assessment of BPA and aflatoxin M1 in infant formula.

methodsSamples were purchased from 7 leading brands of infant formula in pharmacies. The samples were extracted according to common protocols and then injected into HPLC and analyzed with a fluorescence detector for both contaminants.

resultsBPA wasn't detected in infant formula samples, but the presence of AFM1was confirmed in 11% of the samples. Of course, there is no risk in this regard with the risk assessment.

conclusionInfant formula samples are not of concern for infants in terms of BPA and aflatoxin M1. However, continuous monitoring is recommended for this product.

Indexed as

Aflatoxin M1Bisphenol AEnvironmental pollutionFood packagingHPLCInfant formulaMycotoxins

Identifiers

PMID39815336
PMCPMC11734423

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.