ArticleBMC neurology2025
Predicting the risk of hematoma expansion in acute intracerebral hemorrhage: the GIVE score.
Article in BMC neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association of Rotational Thromboelastometry Parameters with Hematoma Expansion After Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Development and validation of the ANGS score for predicting long-term outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence in neurovascular surgery: advancing diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Review
- Predicting hematoma growth in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A simplified non-contrast computed tomography based five-point grading approach.World journal of radiology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNumerous noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) markers have been reported and validated as effective predictors of hematoma expansion (HE). Our objective was to develop and validate a score based on NCCT markers and clinical characteristics to predict risk of HE in acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients.
methodsWe prospectively collected spontaneous ICH patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University to form the development cohort (n = 395) and at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University to establish the validation cohort (n = 139). We adopted a revised HE definition, incorporating the standard definition of HE (> 6 mL or > 33%) and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) expansion (any new IVH or IVH expansion ≥ 1 ml). The predictive score was formulated based on the parameter estimates derived from the multivariable logistic regression analysis.
resultThe Glasgow Coma Scale, island sign, ventricular hemorrhage and time elapsed from onset to NCCT scan (GIVE) score was created as a total of individual points (0-6) based on Glasgow Coma Scale (2 points for ≤ 11), island sign (1 point for presence), ventricular hemorrhage (1 point for presence), and time elapsed from onset to NCCT scan (2 points for ≤ 2.5 h). The c statistic was 0.72(95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-0.78) and 0.73(95% CI, 0.63-0.82) in the development and validation cohorts, respectively.
conclusionA six-point scoring algorithm has been developed and validated to assess the risk of HE in patients with ICH. This scoring system facilitates the rapid and accurate identification of patients at increased risk for HE.
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