Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39815062›Full record

ArticlePediatric cardiology2026

Racial and Educational Isolation are Associated with Worse Outcomes in Congenital Heart Disease.

Meredith Sooy-Mossey, Neeta J Sethi, Hillary Mulder, Karen E Chiswell, Timothy M Hoffman, Robert J Hartman, Michael J Walsh, Karl Welke, Joseph A Paolillo, Lauren A Sarno and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric cardiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Meredith Sooy-MosseyDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. meredith.sooy@duke.edu.
Neeta J SethiDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Hillary MulderDuke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
Karen E ChiswellDuke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
Timothy M HoffmanDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Robert J HartmanDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Michael J WalshDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Karl WelkeAtrium Health Levine Children's Congenital Heart Center, Charlotte, NC, USA.
Joseph A PaolilloAtrium Health Levine Children's Congenital Heart Center, Charlotte, NC, USA.
Lauren A SarnoDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
Charlie J SangDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
Alfred D'OttavioDuke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
Claire OsgoodDuke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Mercedes A BravoDuke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Marie Lynn MirandaChildren's Environmental Health Initiative, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Jennifer S LiDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.

Funding

Stimulating Access to Research in Residency (StARR) - NHLBIR38HL143612 · NHLBI · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI Mai ElMallah, David H. Harpole · 2018 to 2026
$2.6M
CDC HHS 1NU50DD000054-01-0NHLBI NIH HHS L40 HL170360NHLBI NIH HHS R38 HL143612NHLBI NIH HHS R38HL143612
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sociodemographic factors influence outcomes in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). We predict an association between measures of social isolation and outcomes in infants with complex CHD. These measures, racial (RI) and educational (EI) isolation range from 0 to 1, with 0 being no isolation and 1 being fully isolated within a specific population. We identified patients less than 1 year old undergoing CHD surgery in North Carolina from 2008 to 2013. We used negative binomial and logistic regression models to assess the case-mix adjusted associations between RI and EI and length of stay, complications, mortality, and resource utilization. We quantified the association of race with these indices and outcomes. We included 1217 infants undergoing CHD surgery. Black infants had increased LOS (p < 0.001), other complications (p = 0.03), and death (p = 0.02). RI up to 0.3 was associated with decreased outpatient encounters (p < 0.001). RI was associated with increased inpatient encounters RI up to 0.3 (p < 0.001) but decreased for RI beyond 0.3 (p = 0.01). There was an association with increased risk of one or more emergency department visits (p = 0.001) at higher levels of EI. Race and RI showed a cumulative effect with children with Black race and greater than median RI having increased LOS (p < 0.001) and fewer outpatient encounters (p = 0.02). RI, EI, and Black race are associated with poorer outcomes. Children with Black race and greater than median levels of RI are at the highest risk of poor outcomes. These differences may be caused by differential access to resources or community support.

Indexed as

Educational StatusHeart Defects, CongenitalSocial IsolationBlack or African AmericanCardiac Surgical ProceduresFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornLength of StayMaleNorth CarolinaRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsWhiteComplex congenital heart diseaseEducational isolationHealth disparitiesRaceRacial isolation

Identifiers

PMID39815062
PMCPMC12260034

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.