ArticleNature communications2025
Nord Stream methane leaks spread across 14% of Baltic waters.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Rethinking energy transition strategies for the European Union amid rising energy prices.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Nord Stream methane leaks spread across 14% of Baltic waters.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Airborne observations reveal the fate of the methane from the Nord Stream pipelines.Nature communications · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A suspected 443-486 kt of methane escaped from the Nord Stream pipelines in September 2022 at four explosion sites across three pipelines. Much of this methane rapidly escaped to the atmosphere, while an unknown amount was dissolved. We use sustained high-resolution observations of methane concentrations from autonomous gliders and an instrumented ship of opportunity to reveal the timing and spread of dissolved methane across different Baltic regions and marine protected areas. Estimates of methane spread and concentrations are essential to understand the ecosystem response, and for establishing accurate priors for atmospheric outgassing and transport models. A numerical model, initialized by engineering estimates and our observations, enables us to constrain the mass of locally dissolved Nord Stream methane (9.5-14.7 kt). We show that dissolved methane decreased rapidly through outgassing, however initial concentrations were so high that 14% of the Baltic Sea still experienced concentrations 5 times greater than average natural levels.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.