ArticleClinical and experimental emergency medicine2026
Performance of a transesophageal echocardiography probe at temperature monitoring during simulated hypothermia and rewarming.
Article in Clinical and experimental emergency medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo determine whether a transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probe can accurately measure temperature and be used to monitor temperature changes over time without overheating in an experimental model of hypothermia and rewarming.
methodsA 6-L water bath was heated with a sous vide immersion circulator to 24, 28, 32, and 36 °C to simulate severe hypothermia, moderate hypothermia, mild hypothermia, and normothermia, respectively. A TEE probe, esophageal temperature probe, and bladder temperature probe were used to measure temperature every 60 seconds for 15 minutes.
resultsThe TEE probe reported temperatures with a mean difference of 0.60 °C (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51 to 0.69 °C) compared to the sous vide immersion circulator. The esophageal probe and bladder probe reported temperatures with a mean difference of -0.19 °C (95% CI, -0.23 to -0.14 °C) and -0.20 °C (95% CI, -0.26 to -0.14 °C), respectively.
conclusionDuring this simulation, the TEE tip temperature did not increase beyond the expected changes produced by water temperature. The probe temperature was less accurate than the esophageal and bladder temperature probes but demonstrated precision in monitoring temperature changes and stable hypothermia. Based on this study, TEE probes should not be relied upon for an accurate initial temperature but can likely be used to monitor changes in temperature over time.
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