ArticleApplied clinical informatics2025
Hospital Health Information Exchange Network Density and Predictors Across U.S. Hospital Referral Regions.
Article in Applied clinical informatics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Revising the TIGER 2018 Health Informatics Competency Framework: Updated Core Competency Areas for Nurses in a Digital Health Era.Methods of information in medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThis study aimed to develop a measure of health information exchange (HIE) for characterizing the density of inter-hospital HIE connections and identify regional characteristics associated with HIE network density.
methodsHIE network density was measured as the proportion of hospital pairs within a region that are connected through HIE. The 2022 American Hospital Association's Information Technology Supplement survey was used to calculate HIE network density for US hospital referral regions (HRRs). Bivariate tests and multivariable regression were used to characterize hospital, electronic health record (EHR) vendor, and resident characteristics associated with HIE network density.
resultsData on 2,509 hospitals across 274 HRRs were included in the study, with 92% of hospitals participating in at least one HIE. On average, hospitals participated in two HIEs and there were seven HIEs present in each region. HIE network density ranged from 0.0 to 1.0, with a median of 0.78 and an interquartile range (IQR) of 0.51-1.00. Hospital and vendor characteristics associated with greater HIE network density include: more HIEs per hospital, a higher proportion of non-profit hospitals, greater Epic market share, and more concentrated hospital and EHR vendor markets. Resident characteristics associated with greater HIE network density include: higher home values, more educated residents, and higher median household incomes.
conclusionWe found that, on average, 7 out of 10 hospital pairs within a given HRR are connected via at least one HIE, with lower HIE network density in regions with lower socioeconomic status. This measure can be used to track the impact of the Trusted Exchange Framework and Common Agreement on area-level interoperability.
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