ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025
Spatially programmed alignment and actuation in printed liquid crystal elastomers.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reducing Nematic-Isotropic Transition Temperature Improves Phototropic Actuation in Printable Liquid Crystal Elastomers.Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Microbeam SAXS Reveals Flow-Induced Nanostructural Heterogeneity and Tilted Domains in 3D-Printed Block Copolymers.Macromolecules · 2026Article
- Liquid Crystal Elastomers Filaments for Adaptive Textiles and Soft Robotics: A Processing-Centric Review.Macromolecular rapid communications · 2026Review
- Alignment switching in 3D-printed smectic liquid crystal elastomers.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Single-parameter programmed thermomechanical actuation via 3D-printed helical director fields in liquid crystal elastomers.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Rotational 3D printing of active-passive filaments and lattices with programmable shape morphing.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- 4D printing through vat photopolymerization of two-stage UV-curable liquid crystal elastomers.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Supramolecular bending and twisting in the hierarchical self-assembly of monodisperse mesogenic oligomers.Science advances · 2025Article
- Spatially programmed alignment and actuation in printed liquid crystal elastomers.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) exhibit reversible shape morphing behavior when cycled above their nematic-to-isotropic transition temperature. During extrusion-based 3D printing, LCE inks are subjected to coupled shear and extensional flows that can be harnessed to spatially control the alignment of their nematic director along prescribed print paths. Here, we combine experiment and modeling to elucidate the effects of ink composition, nozzle geometry, and printing parameters on director alignment. From rheological measurements, we quantify the dimensionless Weissenberg number (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.