ArticlePLOS global public health2025
The effect of conflict on damage to medical facilities in Mariupol, Ukraine: A quasi-experimental study.
Article in PLOS global public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bravery of giving birth in the homeland: pregnant women's and new mothers' decisions on staying in Ukraine during the war.BMC public health · 2026Observational
- Impact of international observerships on Ukrainian healthcare professionals during the war: a cross-sectional survey study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Attacks on healthcare in conflict-affected countries: a comparison of temporal trends in ongoing conflicts in Lebanon, Myanmar, occupied Palestinian territory, Sudan and Ukraine using WHO SSA and SHCC data, 2018-2024.Population health metrics · 2025Article
- Assaulting Medical Neutrality: Reflections on Attacks on Healthcare and Clinicians in the Two World Wars and Implications for Contemporary Conflicts.Nursing inquiry · 2025Review
- Maternity under fire: the dual vulnerability of Ukrainian women.Archives of women's mental health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Medical facilities are civilian objects specially protected by international humanitarian law. Despite the need for systematic documentation of the effects of war on medical facilities for judiciary accountability, current methods for surveilling damage to protected civilian objects during ongoing armed conflict are insufficient. Satellite imagery damage assessment confers significant possibilities for investigating patterns of war. We leveraged commercially and publicly available satellite imagery and cross-referenced geolocated facility data to conduct a pre-post quasi-experimental study of damage to medical facilities in Mariupol, Ukraine as a result of Russia's invasion. We found that 77% of medical facilities in Mariupol sustained damage during Russia's siege lasting from February 24-May 20, 2022. Facility size was not associated with damage, suggesting that attacks on medical facilities are not random but instead may have been the result of intentional targeting. This is the first cross-referenced pre-post census study of the effects of an ongoing conflict on specially protected medical infrastructure.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.