ArticleImmunotherapy2025
Immunotherapy-related secondary hemophagocytosis in a glioblastoma patient: response to cytokine-directed therapy.
Article in Immunotherapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Systematic Review.Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology · 2026Review
- Sintilimab-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by an excessive and uncontrolled activation of the immune system. ICI-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (irHLH) is a rare immune-related adverse event with an incidence of 0.03% to 0.4%. Although rare, it can be potentially lethal, with a high mortality rate of up to 50% in some cases. We present a patient with recurrent glioblastoma who developed Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis s a result of nivolumab treatment and was subsequently managed with cytokine-directed therapy (tocilizumab). Early diagnosis and treatment of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are indeed crucial due to the potentially life-threatening nature of the condition.Cytokine-based treatments (such as anti-IL-6) may be appropriate for patients who do not respond to high-dose steroids.
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