ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2025
Mortality and Function After Hip Fracture or Pneumonia in People With and Without Dementia.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Determining six-month prognosis among people with dementia living in care homes: a systematic review of prognostic tools.Age and ageing · 2026Pooled it
- "They're exhausted": Hospice Staff Views on Caring for Patients and Families Impacted By Dementia.Journal of pain and symptom management · 2026Article
- Days at Home After Hip Fracture Among Older Adults With and Without Dementia.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Candidate proteomic indirect-effect signals linking dementia to probable muscle-bone fragility: a UK Biobank cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Comorbidities and their impact on in-hospital mortality in hospitalized adult patients with bacterial community-acquired pneumonia: a cohort study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Prealbumin Adjusted Prognostic Nutritional Index May Predict the Postoperative Survival and Free Walking Abilities of Patients with Hip Fractures: A Multi-Center Follow-Up Study.Clinical interventions in aging · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe extent to which disruptive surgical or medical events impact mortality and function is critical for anticipatory planning and informing goal-aligned care.
methodsUsing Health and Retirement Study data (2008-2018), we employed propensity score matching to compare the impact of hospitalization for hip fracture (a surgical event) or pneumonia (a medical event) among people with dementia to two groups: (1) people with dementia who did not experience these events; and (2) people without dementia who experienced an event. Dementia status was determined using validated cognitive assessments (Hurd method); hip fracture and pneumonia were identified from Medicare claims. Outcomes were 1-year mortality and function, defined as a summary score of requiring assistance with 6 ADL's and 5 IADL's, with higher scores indicating better function.
resultsAmong people with dementia, predicted 1-year mortality was higher among those with hip fracture (35.4%) versus those without hip fracture (14.8%), with similar patterns for pneumonia (49.6% vs. 13.0%). Among people with dementia, function declined abruptly at time of hip fracture (-2.09 [95% CI -2.94, -1.25]) and continued to decline after (-0.48 [95% CI -0.87, -0.09]). There were similar patterns for pneumonia (drop at time of pneumonia of -1.49 [95% CI -2.0, -0.97] and after -0.05 [95% CI, -0.29, 0.19]). Compared to people without dementia with hip fracture, people with dementia had higher 1-year mortality (35.4%) versus people without dementia (24%), with similar patterns for pneumonia (49.6% vs. 39.7%). Function stabilized for people without dementia after hip fracture (-0.03, 95% CI -0.22, 0.16), which was significantly different than people without dementia (p < 0.0001). Function improved for people without dementia after pneumonia (0.13, 95% CI 0.03, 0.24), but was not statistically different than for people with dementia (p = 0.17).
conclusionDisruptive events such as hip fracture or pneumonia substantially alter the clinical trajectories of people with dementia.
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