ArticleCurrent research in toxicology2025
Genotoxicity testing of the anthraquinone dye Alizarin Red S.
Article in Current research in toxicology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Genotoxicity of anthraquinone dyes and dye intermediates: a comprehensive review.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The anthraquinone dye Alizarin Red S (ARS) is used for marking live animals, specifically as a tool for monitoring the stock of the endangered European eel by marking caught fish with ARS before releasing the eels back into the wild. As ARS can be found in recaptured eels even years later, knowledge of potential health hazards of ARS is essential for assessing the food safety of eels marked with ARS. As the compound class of anthraquinones is known for their genotoxic and carcinogenic properties, concerns were raised regarding the food safety of marked eels. Up to now, no data for characterizing the hazard potential of ARS is available. In this study, we aimed at closing this data gap. We tested ARS in liver (HepG2), cervix (HeLa) and lymphoblast (TK-6) cells and identified HepG2 cells as the cell line most sensitive to ARS-induced cytotoxicity. We then investigated oxidative stress, DNA strand breaks, and micronucleus formation in these cells and did not observe effects at sub-cytotoxic concentrations.
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