Article in PNAS nexus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
2 · The registry
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Giulia FormichellaDipartimento di Biologia Ambientale and Mediterranean bioArchaeological Research Advances (MAReA) centre, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy.
Giulia PedrucciDipartimento Di Culture e Civiltà, University of Verona, Via dell'Università, 4, Verona 37129, Italy.
Alessandro D'AlessioParco archeologico di Ostia antica, MIC Viale dei Romagnoli 717, Roma 00119, Italy.
Valeria AmorettiParco Archeologico di Pompei, P.zza Porta Marina Inferiore 7, Pompei 80045, Italy.
Gabriel ZuchtriegelParco Archeologico di Pompei, P.zza Porta Marina Inferiore 7, Pompei 80045, Italy.
Michelle O'ReillyDepartment of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Kahlaische Str. 10, Jena 07745, Germany.
Noemi MantileDipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF) and Mediterranean bioArchaeological Research Advances (MAReA) centre, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, Caserta 81100, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6683-4962
Sofia PanellaDipartimento di Biologia Ambientale and Mediterranean bioArchaeological Research Advances (MAReA) centre, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5084-7610
Mary A TafuriDipartimento di Biologia Ambientale and Mediterranean bioArchaeological Research Advances (MAReA) centre, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2913-7225
Simona AltieriDipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF) and Mediterranean bioArchaeological Research Advances (MAReA) centre, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, Caserta 81100, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8673-8812
Maria R di CiccoDipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF) and Mediterranean bioArchaeological Research Advances (MAReA) centre, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, Caserta 81100, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1098-0503
Ricardo FernandesDepartment of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Kahlaische Str. 10, Jena 07745, Germany.
Carmine LubrittoDipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF) and Mediterranean bioArchaeological Research Advances (MAReA) centre, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, Caserta 81100, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0009-1400
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
6 · The paper itself
Abstract
Our study explores the potential relationship between infant feeding practices and settlement complexity in the Roman Empire through high-resolution Bayesian-modeled stable isotope measurements from incremental dentine. We compiled isotopic data from permanent first molars of individuals from various Roman sites: five from Bainesse (UK), 30 from Thessaloniki (Greece), along with new carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses from four individuals from Pompeii and six from Ostia Via del Mare (AVM). Our results reveal significant inter-site variability in breastfeeding durations, ranging from 1.5 years to approximately 5 years. Notably, individuals from the highly complex urban centers of Pompeii and Thessaloniki ceased breastfeeding around or below the 2-year weaning threshold recommended by Roman physicians. In contrast, individuals from the rural site of Ostia AVM and the site of Bainesse, near the northern frontier of the Roman Empire, generally ceased breastfeeding after 2 years of age. The link between settlement complexity and duration of breastfeeding observed in our study may have resulted from adherence to medical guidelines, support infrastructures, and/or strategies to mitigate financial constraints within households.
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.
High-resolution isotopic data link settlement complexification to infant diets within the Roman Empire. · full record | OpenQuestion