ArticleHeliyon2025
Impact of crack cocaine on salivary nucleic acids, enzymes, esters, and lipids: A fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy study.
Article in Heliyon, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Interpol review of forensic drug chemistry, 2022-2025.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to analyze saliva composition in crack users using vibrational spectroscopy. Material and Methods: A total of 90 participants were meticulously selected and divided into three groups, each comprising 30 individuals. All participants met the criterion of having no observable clinical changes in the oral mucosa. The groups included active crack users with a minimum usage duration of 30 days, ex-crack users, and non-crack users. Rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied during participant selection to ensure the study's precision. Saliva analysis was performed using vibrational spectroscopy with FTIR (Fourier-transform Infrared spectroscopy). Results: Pre-processed spectra enabled statistical comparability. Salivary biomarkers revealed clinical implications, including findings related to xerostomia, caries, and periodontal or systemic conditions such as lung cancer. Conclusion: The research uncovers significant compositional differences in the saliva of current users, former users, and non-users of crack. This nuanced understanding contributes to the discourse on substance abuse, highlighting the potential of saliva analysis for discerning different stages of crack use. The investigation suggests options for further exploration in clinical and forensic contexts, promising advancements in addiction research and diagnostics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.