ArticleHeliyon2025
Assessing the impact of public perception and willingness-to-pay on reducing smog in Pakistan: Evidence from Lahore City.
Article in Heliyon, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biocontrol potential of Bacillus subtilis WL2.3 in mitigating Phytophthora infestans infection in potatoes.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2025Article
- Essential oil from Tragopogon dubius selectively inhibits breast (MCF-7) and glioblastoma (LN-18) cancer cell proliferation; insights into antioxidant, genoprotective potential, and GCMS, GCGCTOFMS-based profiling.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2025-10-28Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Lack of Approval from Author · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Smog pollution is a major global issue affecting Pakistan's major cities, particularly Lahore. The study aims to explore the public perception and willingness to pay (WTP) for smog reduction via the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). This study uses a structured interview schedule and interval regression model to analyse the public perception and willingness to pay for smog reduction. Findings reveal that only 46 % of respondents perceive smog pollution "strongly severe," attributing it primarily to industrial (43 %) and vehicular (35 %) emissions. Furthermore, after receiving the information, the respondents' WTP increased from 68 PKR to 84 PKR. However, respondents were more willing to pay for self-protection than to support the control and preventive measures. Socioeconomic factors such as education and income significantly influence WTP for smog reduction. This research underscores the need for enhanced public awareness and participation in smog mitigation for sustainable development.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.