ArticleHealth affairs scholar2025
Medicaid billing for community health worker services growing, but remains low, 2016-2020.
Article in Health affairs scholar, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pandemic era expansion of state laws governing the professionalization of community health workers.Health affairs scholar · 2026Article
- Integrating Community Health Workers Into Clinical Settings.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Improving Outcomes for Black Adults with Diabetes: The Power of Peer Support in the Multidisciplinary Care Team.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Review
- Completeness and Quality of Data for Children in Medicaid Comprehensive Managed Care Compared to Fee-for-Service, 2001-2019.Health services research · 2025Observational
- Health workforce issues and challenges in the post-pandemic era.Health affairs scholar · 2025Article
- Medicaid Reimbursement and Other Funding Strategies for Community Health Workers: Perspectives of Employer Organizations in Indiana.Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMPArticle
- Implementing a community health worker model to address health-related social needs in a community pharmacy network: A pragmatic evaluation.Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhAArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the recognized value of Community Health Workers (CHWs) in improving health outcomes, the integration of CHWs into Medicaid continues to be a challenge. This study examines the trends in CHW billing for Medicaid services across states from 2016 to 2020. We conducted an exploratory descriptive analysis of the Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T-MSIS) Analytic Files (TAF) 2016-2020 to identify trends in direct billing for CHW services, including beneficiaries served, total services rendered, payment type, place of service, and procedure codes used for services billed by CHWs. The number of CHWs billing Medicaid increased by 638% between 2016 and 2020. However, by 2020, there were still only 731 CHWs billing Medicaid in the 9 states examined with one state (Ohio) accounting for 77.7% of all Medicaid beneficiaries identified with CHW direct billing. The total number of CHW services grew nearly 23-fold, with 37.7% overall provided in patient homes. Significant billing inconsistencies were observed, including the use of non-designated procedure codes. Overall CHW billing in Medicaid remained low as of 2020, with the exception of Ohio. Understanding factors associated with Ohio's expansion could yield important insights for current efforts to improve access to CHWs for Medicaid beneficiaries.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.