ArticleGMS hygiene and infection control2024
Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy and therapeutic index properties for common wound cleansing solutions, focusing on solutions containing PHMB.
Article in GMS hygiene and infection control, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- In Vitro and In Vivo Comparison of a Novel Antimicrobial Wound Hydrogel With Commercial Wound Treatments: Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm and Biocompatibility Assessment.International wound journal · 2026Article
- Prevention and Treatment of Surgical Site Infections in Orthopaedic Surgery: An Italian Delphi Consensus on Risk Stratification and Wound Irrigation Strategies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Nitric Oxide-Releasing Gels in the Context of Antimicrobial Stewardship, Biofilm Management, and Wound-Repair Biology.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) have been shown to increase patient morbidity and mortality, impact on quality of life and place a significant economic burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Irrigation using wound cleansing and antiseptic effective solutions during surgical procedures is a key part of SSI prevention. The optimal solution would have minimal cytotoxicity to the patient while maintaining a minimum concentration required for antimicrobial activity necessary to prevent opportunistic pathogens and biofilm formation. Method: A variety of common wound irrigation products, including polyhexanide in various concentrations and compositions, iodine and hypochlorous acid-based solutions, were tested and compared for their activity against pathogens according to the ESKAPE group of nosocomial relevant microbes. The antimicrobial efficacy of the solutions was tested against planktonic cells using a time-kill assay. Its minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and its cytotoxicity against mouse fibroblast cells were determined. Finally, the Therapeutic Index (TI) was compared and the biofilm activity of a selected solution containing 0.1% polyhexanide (PHMB) was tested. Results: Irrigation solutions containing 0.1% PHMB demonstrated rapid inactivation against planktonic cultures, achieving >4 lg reduction within 60 seconds. When comparing the TI of all irrigation solutions tested, the combination of 0.1% PHMB and poloxamer as an additive showed the best results in killing nosocomial pathogens and also to be less cytotoxic to mammalian fibroblasts, as demonstrated for PREVENTIA Conclusion: This study highlights the impact of irrigation solutions containing PHMB. It also demonstrated the effect of using different concentrations of PHMB in combination with surfactants as additives. The combination of 0.1% PHMB and poloxamer as a surfactant demonstrated effective benefits in eradicating established biofilm combined with a relatively high Therapeutic Index (TI), indicating low cytotoxicity and high bactericidal activity.
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