ArticleWorld psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA)2025
Excess cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents initiating antipsychotic treatment compared to young adults: results from a nationwide cohort study.
Article in World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Article
- Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and pediatric bipolar disorder: diagnostic and prescribing trends following DSM-5.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Real-world comprehensive care of people living with schizophrenia: recommendations across different settings and clinical stages.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antipsychotic treatment is associated with cardiometabolic risks that may be especially detrimental to children and adolescents. In this Danish population-based cohort study, we included individuals with psychiatric diagnoses who initiated antipsychotics in 2000-2021 at age 6-31 years. We assessed the risk of cardiometabolic adverse events up to 10 years following incident exposure to antipsychotics, compared to age- and sex-matched unexposed individuals with psychiatric diagnoses. Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) after adjustment using high-dimensional propensity scores, including age, sex, calendar time, hospital diagnoses, and prescription drug use. HRs were compared between incident exposure in youths (6-17 years) and young adults (18-31 years), and between incident exposure in children (6-11 years) and adolescents (12-17 years). The total cohort consisted of 335,093 individuals, including 36,092 subjects exposed to antipsychotics (children and adolescents: 8,547, mean follow-up: 6.8±3.2 years; young adults: 27,545, mean follow-up: 6.5±3.4 years) and 299,001 age-, sex- and calendar-matched unexposed subjects. The incidence rate of cardiometabolic events was higher for young adults initiating antipsychotics than for children and adolescents (23.2 vs. 14.1 events/1,000 person-years). However, the adjusted excess risk of cardiometabolic events was significantly higher in exposed compared to unexposed children and adolescents (HR=1.87, 95% CI: 1.71-2.05) than in exposed compared to unexposed young adults (HR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.40-1.51) (p<0.001). The excess risk of cardiometabolic events was even higher when antipsychotic treatment was initiated before age 12 years (HR=2.44; 95% CI: 1.99-2.98) than at age 12-17 years (HR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.52-1.87) (p=0.012). Concerning specific cardiometabolic outcomes, there was an effect of age at antipsychotic initiation on the risks of metabolic syndrome (p=0.011) and obesity (p<0.001), that were higher among children and adolescents than young adults. Thus, initiation of antipsychotic treatment before age 18 years is associated with an excess risk of cardiometabolic events compared to age- and sex-matched youths with psychiatric disorders but unexposed to antipsychotics. The excess cardiometabolic risk is significantly higher than that of individuals who start antipsychotic treatment in early adulthood, and significantly higher for treatment onset in childhood compared to adolescence. On the basis of these findings, recommendations are provided about the use of antipsychotics in children and adolescents.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.