ArticleClinical and experimental pediatrics2025
Differences in immune cells and gene expression in human milk by parity on integrated scRNA sequencing.
Article in Clinical and experimental pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Unravelling the effect of parity on immunoglobulins, cytokines and adipokines in human transitional milk and their association with infant infections during the first 6 months of life.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHuman breast milk (HBM) is an important source of tolerogenic immune mediators that influence the infant immune system. HBM-derived immune components are affected by various factors; however, few studies have examined the relationship between parity and immune cell profiles of HBM. PURPOSE: This study aimed to clarify the effects of parity on HBM immune cell heterogeneity and gene expression by integrating and analyzing publicly available single-cell RNAsequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets.
methodsWe clarified the effects of parity on HBM immune cell heterogeneity and gene expression by integrating and analyzing publicly available scRNA-seq datasets.
resultsThe proportion of innate immune cells was significantly higher in the primiparous versus multiparous group, whereas the proportion of adaptive immune cells was significantly higher in the multiparous group (P=0.021). The 2 immune clusters were reannotated and classified into monocyte, T/B cell, and CD45¯ groups. The proportions of monocytes and T/B cells were higher in the primiparous and multiparous groups, respectively. In a gene set enrichment analysis of monocytes, genes with a direct role in the infant immune system and immune response-related genes were more highly expressed in the primiparous group.
conclusionOur results support the parity-dependent differences in gene expression between innate and adaptive immune cells.
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